Logic Gates

Analog

- A system with
a continuous
variable signal.

Digital

- A signal with
discrete bands of
analog levels.

Waveforms

Noise
vulnerable

Noise protected

Analog

Digital

Logic Gates
History
Diode-Resistor Logic (DRL)

Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)

Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
&
Complementary Metal-Oxide Silicon (CMOS)

Analog Logic Gates

DRL

DTL

TTL

CMOS

TTL (74 Series)

CMOS (40 Series)

+5 V

+3-15 V

high power
consumption

low power
consumption

cheap

expensive

not prone to
static electricity

susceptible to
static electricity

Digital Logic Gates

Integrated Circuit (IC)
- a device made by
semiconductor companies from
various electronic components
by combining it together.

Integrated Circuit
Engr. Werner Jacobi (1949)
Siemens 2 stage amplifier
Robert Noyce (1960)
Texas Instruments p-n junction (diode)

Federico Faggin (1968)

Intel Corporation Intel 4004

Digital Logic Gates

Example of IC:

Digital Logic Gates

Semiconductor
- a material that has
resistivity between a
conductor and insulator.
Static Electricity
- a charge generated by
nature and transferred to our
body.

Digital Logic Gates

Schematic Symbol
- represents a certain
electronic component.
Schematic Diagram
- shows the detailed design
of a circuit.

Digital Logic Gates

Example of Schematic Symbol:

Digital Logic Gates

Example of Schematic Diagram:

Digital Logic Gates

Boolean Equation
- a statement that shows
equality.
Truth Table/Function Table
- a list of all possible output
of a particular expression.

Digital Logic Gates

Example of Boolean Equation:
A+B=X

Example of Truth Table:

A

Digital Logic Gates

Datasheet
- document made by
semiconductor companies
which contains information
about the IC.

Digital Logic Gates

Example of Datasheet:

Basic Logic Gates

NOT Gate (SN7404 - CD4009)
-simply inverts input signal.
Truth Table

Basic Logic Gates

OR Gate (SN7432 - CD4071)
-output signal is 0 if both inputs are 0.
Truth Table

A+B=Q

Basic Logic Gates

AND Gate (SN7408 - CD4081)
-output signal is 1 if both inputs are 1.
Truth Table

AB=Q

Compound Logic Gates

NOR Gate (SN7402 - CD4001)
-output signal is 1 if both inputs are 0.
Truth Table

A+B=Q

Compound Logic Gates

NAND Gate (SN7400 - CD4011)
-output signal is 0 if both inputs are 1.
Truth Table

AB=Q

Special Logic Gates

XOR Gate (SN7486 - CD4030)
-output signal is 0 if both inputs are
the same.
Truth Table

A+B=Q

Special Logic Gates

XNOR Gate (SN7426 - CD4077)
-output signal is 1 if both inputs are
the same.
Truth Table

A+B=Q

Example
(A + B) (AB) = Q
Draw the schematic diagram.
Create truth table.

(A + B) (AB) = Q

Truth Table
A

Not A (Y)

AB (B)

(Not A)+B (R)

Not AB (G)

Q (W)