LEADERSHI

By
FAYAZ AHMAD
Young Professional Network (YPN-FES)
Supported by
Actionaid Peshawar Office
1
Contents of The Training

1. HIERARCHIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL

CULTURE

1.1 Steep Hierarchies

1.2 Flat Hierarchies
2. LEADERSHIP – CHARACTERISTICS AND
CHALLENGES

3. INSTRUMENTS OF LEADERSHIP –
MOTIVATION

4. CONFLICT RESOLUTION`
2
1.Hierarchies and organizational
culture
STEEP HIERARCHIES

3
HIERARCHIES AND
ORG…….CONT….
FLAT HIERARCHIES

4
 Well Functioning Group Can
Answer
1.What are Our Tasks?

2.What is Important to Us?

3.What do we Define as Good and what is Right?

4.What is our Understanding of Success or

Failure?

5.What Type of Behaviour is Typical for Us?

6.Who takes which Position? Who decides on

What? Who has Power over Whom? 5

2. Leadership - Characteristics and
Challenges
•Initiative
•Questions
•Point of View
•Conflict Solution
•Decisions
•Constructive Criticism – Feedback

6
ME………TASK …………
TEAM
M
E

TEA TASK
M 7
 Communication Process Cont…
1.1 Leadership Style Observed by Staff Members

• Staff-Centred
• Staff-centred leadership raises the
satisfaction of the staff members which
impacts e.g. on absences and
fluctuation. It is specifically important …

• Possible Measures
8
 Leadership Style Observed
.......Cont.

• Task-centred
Task-centred leadership can have specifically
positive impacts on the performance of groups
and teams where low or medium skilled
workers fulfil clearly structured an non
innovative tasks.

• Possible Measures

9
 Leadership Style Observed
.......Cont.

• Facilitating Participation
The focus on participation can have positive
effects in small teams where members feel a
strong need of independence.

• Possible Measures

10
You Can Take a Horse To The Water
BUT
You Cannot Force it To Drink;
It Will Only Drink If it’s
THIRSTY.

11
 Different Styles of
Leadership
1. Authoritarian style of leadership

2. “Just let’s do” style of leadership

3. Cooperation between staff members

and leader

4. Situated Style of Leadership

Appropriate behaviour:
For effective leadership the differentiation between “appropriate” and “non-
appropriate” behaviour is of importance, as appropriate behaviour of the leader
is assumed to cause appropriate behaviour of the staff.
Of course the same is true for inappropriate behaviour. 13
 Leadership
You are …
Roles
because you have to …
Advocate Mediate in Conflicts.
Conflicts
Animator Create a Good Atmosphere.
Arbitrator Watch over the Rules of the Game.
Coach Make Sure that a Goal is Achieved.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Communicator Take Decisions.

Engine Push the Group with Questions.
Expert Transfer Knowledge.
Integrator Integrate Everybody.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Presenter Sell Your Ideas and Decisions.

Strategist Give the Direction.
Tamer Control the Group.
Teacher Deal with Difficult Staff Members.
Trouble Maker To Provoke. 14
 3. Instruments of
Leadership
•Delegation

•Motivation

•Professional meetings

•Agreement on results and evaluation

•Gender balance

•Feed-back: appreciation, recognition and criticism

•Staff policy

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MOTIVATION

• Including others in a specific way towards

achieving goals by the motivator
• External motivator (good comp. policy, salary new car)
• Internal motivator-self motivation (appreciation, an
interesting work, the possibility of self realization)
• Motivators Vs De-motivators (Frederic Herzberg)
THE PYRAMID OF NEEDS
(MASLOW)
Self
Realization Autonomy
Pleasure of work

Personal
Appreciation, Prestige.
Needs Power
Eggo-Needs
Membership,
Social Needs Communication,
Love

Security Needs Precaution, Protection

Eating, Drinking,
Sleeping
Psychological Needs
Influencing Factors on The Attitude
(Friedric Herzberg)
security

status

income

competence of the senior

company policy and administration

expansion

progress

responsibility

autonomous work

appreciation 18
THANK YOU
The “Pyramid of Needs” (Maslow)

20
 3.
Perception
Is the process of Acquiring, Interpreting, Selecting
and Organizing Sensory information.

21
 2.1 Visualization Cont….

Big size of chart, therefore easy to read

To increase Iremembrance
t is used with theof
objectives:
information
To include the observer
To minimize speech
To give orientation to the audience
To emphasize the essential
To make information and complex things easier to understand
To help the recipient to concentrate on the important points

But: Visualization only completes the speech – it doesn’t

replace it!
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2.1 Visualization Cont….

Step 3 Step 1

Step 2

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2.1 Visualization.…Cont

3 Steps for preparing

visualization

Planning
Deciding
the Media Composition

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 2.2 Deciding upon the Media

Black-Board

Big size of chart, therefore easy to read

For working in small groups of up to 20

persons

For presentations of a follow-up of

discussions and

Processes as well as for explanations

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 2.2 Deciding upon the Media…..

Disadvantages

• Limited space
• Transport and availability
• Once the black-board is cleaned you can’t refer to the information
any longer

When working with the black-board please keep in mind that

…
• … Everybody should be able to see the black-board.
• … You always stay besides the black-board.
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2.2 Deciding upon the Media…..Cont

Pin-Board

For working in small groups

of up to 20 persons

For presentations of prepared

visualizations as well as for
follow-up of discussions and
processes

27
2.2 Deciding the Media….Cont

Disadvantages

Transport and availability of Pin-Boards

Additional Material such as Cards, Wallpaper, etc. needed.

28
2.2 Deciding The Media….Cont

Over Head Projector (OHP)

For working with all types

of groups needs prepared
transparencies

Can be prepared by hand or

by PowerPoint

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2.2 Deciding the Media….Cont

Flip-Chart

Presentations can be prepared or made in the presence of the

participants during the presentation

Big size of chart, therefore easy to read

Can be kept visible during the seminar

and can be used several times

30
2.2 Deciding the Media….Cont

Disadvantages

• Flip-chart holder must be available/transported

•A Lot of Paper is needed.

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2.2 Deciding the Media….Cont

Multimedia and PC

For all kinds of groups

Quick and professional way of

visualization

Visualization helps to follow-up

the different parts of the
presentation

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 2.2 Deciding the Media….Cont

Disadvantages

• Very often the visualization methods become more important than

the contents, many presenters have difficulties in adapting their
presentation to needs and wishes of participants

• Quick change of slides allows a quantity of information, that cannot

be remembered

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 2.3 Planning the Visualization

• What do I want to visualize?

• For what purpose do I need the visualization?

• Whom do I want to inform or convince (target group)?

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 2.4 Composition of Visualization
2.4.1 Shaping elements: Text

To make a presentation easy to understand you should therefore …

• …Use commonly used words and short sentences (Simplicity)

• …Use titles and subtitles, build optical blocks (Structure)

• …Reduce your statements to the essential (Precision)

• …Use colours, give examples, use drawings besides the

written text (Additional Stimulation)

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 Composition of
Visualization….Cont.

2.4.2 Graphics and Symbols Marketing Procurement

90 Production

80
70
60
50 East
40
W est
30
North S. No No %age Total
20
10
0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Village 40 40 100
Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr

City 60 60 100

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Content and Structure
Content
With which content
do I reach
my objectives?
Target group
To whom do I
Topic present?
What do I present?

Presentation::
Presentation
Content
Content&&structure
structure

Implementation
Objectives How should
What are my objectives the presentation
with this presentation? take place?

Structure
How can I make the content
of my presentation
clearly understandable? 37