Radiomobil Workshop: Power Control Process

RADIOMOBIL WORKSHOP
Power Control Process

April 10 14, 2000
Prague
Overview
April 2000
CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Network Operations Engineering
Effect of Power Control
P o w e r C o n tro l B o x
2500
P o w e r B o x Box
Power
2000
1500
MRs
ul_ rxle v
1000
ul_ rxle v_ P C
e ffe c tive re d uc tio n in p o w e r

d ue to p o w e r c o ntro l
Effective reduction
105
97
93
89
85
81
77
73
69
65
61
57
53
49
45
41
37
33
29
25
21
17
13
101
in power due to PC
500
RXLEV
April 2000

MS / BSS Power Control
UL & DL Measurements Taken

Averages Produced
A Number of Averages Compared Against Threshold
Threshold Exceeded
Power Output Adjusted
April 2000

Power Control due to Level
MS & BTS power control shares the same averaging

result
April 2000

Power Control due to Quality
MS & BTS power control shares the same averaging

result
April 2000

Standard Power Control
decision_alg_num = 0
bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are not used.
decision_alg_num = 1
bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are used.

Decision_alg_number = 1
Quality takes precedence!
INCREASE
RxQual > l_rxqual_ul_h

&
RxLev > u_rxlev_ul_p
April 2000

Power Control Parameters (1)
Timing ...
p_con_interval
p_con_interval
Command Acknowledged
April 2000
decision_alg_number = 0
Command Not Acknowledged

Power Control Parameters (2)
Timing ...
p_con_interval
Command Acknowledged
April 2000
decision_alg_number = 1
p_con_ack
p_con_interval
Command Not Acknowledged

Rapid Power Down

Uplink RxLev
Functionality
rpd_trigger
rpd_offset
MS power is reduced faster

than the standard ramp down
time
Takes precedence over
conventional PC
MS Tx Power
Benefits
Reduced UL interference
Reduced MS TX power
April 2000
Fast Power Down OFF

Fast Power Down ON

10
Interaction between RPD and PC
Averaging & voting of normal PC is not utilised

No voting employed: hreqt, n, p assumed as 1
Hreqave value equal to rpd_period
Ms_p_con_interval timer will be overridden if
l_rxlev_ul_p or l_rxqual_ul_p exceeded
Recovery from a condition where RPD took the
MS to a low level or into poor quality
April 2000

11
Configuration of Rapid Power Down
Configuration
rapid_pwr_down
rpd_trigger
1 - 32 SACCH periods
rpd_offset
u_rxlev_ul_p
Required level
0 - 63
l_rxlev_ul_p
rpd_offset
ul_rxlev
rpd_trigger
0 - OFF
1 - ON
rpd_period
63
0 - 63
Algorithm
Ordered power = current power + (ul_rxlev rpd_trigger + rpd_offset)/2
April 2000

12
Implementation Results
Micro cell PC window
+3 dB above PC window
l_rxlev_ul_p = 25
u_rxlev_ul_p = 35
Rpd_period = 2
Rpd_offset = 8
Rpd_trigger = 38
+6 dB above PC window
Rpd_period = 2
Rpd_offset = 11
Rpd_trigger = 41
April 2000

13
Radio Link Revival
The full_pwr_rfloss field enables or disables the

ability of the RSS to instruct the MS and BSS to use
maximum power when loss od radio resource is
detected.
Triggered when link_fail counter reaches the threshold
of link_about to_fail.
link_fail
link_about_to_fail
BTS&MS full power
April 2000

14
POWER CONTROL OPTIMISATION
Downlink
u_rxlev_dl_p
= 35
RxLev
Uplink RxLev
u_rxlev_ul_p = 30
-80
dBm
hreqave = 2
hreqt = 2
-90
dBm
l_rxlev_ul_p = 20
-75
6 n1 = 1 dBm
p1 = 1
hreqave = 2
hreqt = 2
-85
n2 = 2 dBm
l_rxlev_dl_p = 25
2 p2 = 2
Uplink RxQual
u_rxqual_ul_p = 40
p3 = 1
3
5
6 n3 = 1
l_rxqual_ul_p = 114
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping = 450
n4 = 2
2 p4 = 2
Downlink
RxQual
u_rxqual_dl_p
= 40
1
3
5
l_rxqual_dl_p = 114
l_rxqual_dl_p_hopping = 450
hreqave = 2 ; hreqt = 2
April 2000

15
Standard Power Control
Tx Power
RxQual > l_rxqual_ul_h
&
RxLev > u_rxlev_ul_p
Decision_alg_number = 1
qual_pwr_flag =
1
Cell A
April 2000

Cell B
16
Medidas de DL & UL
Produccion de muestras promediadas
Muestras promediadas son comparadas con umbral
Se excede el umbral
Ajuste de la potencia de salida
-110 dBm
10
-100 dBm
20
-90 dBm
l_rxlev_dl_p=25
30
u_rxlev_dl_p=35
40
April 2000

-85 dBm
-80 dBm
-75 dBm
-70 dBm
17
Handover Workshop 01
Power Control(including handover thresholds)
RXLE
0V
l_rxlev_ul_h_hopping
l_rxlev_ul_h_
l_rxlev_ul_p_hopping
10
20
dBm
100
BAND
6
905
l_rxqual_ul_h
45
3
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping
226
113
5
7
2
8
-80
u_rxlev_ul_p
Rpd_offset
4
0
-70
50
-60
l_rxqual_ul_
p
u_rxqual_ul_p
rpd__trigger
6
3
60
-50
-47
RXLEV POWER CTLS

April 2000
ASSUMED BER
1810 (18.10%) =BAND 7
l_rxqual_ul_h_hopping
-90
l_rxlev_ul_p
30
-110
14 (0.14=BAND 0
RXQUAL POWER
CTLS

18
Handover Workshop 01
Power Control (including handover thresholds)
RXLE
0V
l_rxlev_ul_h_hopping
l_rxlev_ul_h_
l_rxlev_ul_p_hopping
10
20
dBm
100
BAND
6
905
l_rxqual_ul_h
45
3
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping
226
113
5
7
2
8
-80
u_rxlev_ul_p
Rpd_offset
4
0
-70
50
-60
l_rxqual_ul_
p
u_rxqual_ul_p
rpd__trigger
6
3
60
-50
-47
RXLEV POWER CTLS

April 2000
ASSUMED BER
1810 (18.10%) =BAND 7
l_rxqual_ul_h_hopping
-90
l_rxlev_ul_p
30
-110
14 (0.14=BAND 0
RXQUAL POWER
CTLS

19
Power Control Adjustment
Before
Modified N &
P settings will
help the
effectiveness of
power control
Mobile using
less power
After
Also resulting
good
performance
in RF Loss
Rate
April 2000
20
Recommended N & P Settings
April 2000

21
Power Control
Funktion
BTS- und MS-Leistung werden laufend so nachgeregelt, da

sowohl XX_RxLev und XX_RxQual innerhalb eines
definierten Fensters liegen.
Die Steuerung erfolgt durch laufende Messungen von
XX_RxLev und XX_RxQual (Measurement Reports)
Liegen die aktuellen Werte fr XX_RxLev
XX_Rx_Levund/oder
XX_Rx_Qual
63
-47dBm
0
0
XX_RxQual auerhalb des Fensters,
so wird
die BTS/MSu_rxqual_XX_p
0
Leistung in Schritten von +6dB erhht
W
bzw von 2dBm reduziert.
Q I
u_rxlev_XX_p
Zweck
P
O
W
E
R
W
I
N
D
O
W
In Summe weniger Leistungsabgabe von BTS und MS

l_rxlev_XX_p
-90dBm
Es wird schlechter RxQual
0
-110dBm
Aprilentgegengewirkt
2000
U
A
L
-80dBm
l_rxqual_XX_p
N
D
O
W
400
1810
22
Power Control
Dynamische Power Control
Bisher (vor GSR4) mit pow_inc_sep_size_XX (+6dB)

und pow_red_sep_size_XX (-2dB) nur statische
Abstufungen der Leistungsregelung.
Ab GSR4 dynamische Power Increase/Decrease

Schritte mglich.
Je weiter die aktuellen XX_RxLex und/oder

XX_RxQual Werte auerhalb des definierten Fensters
liegen umso grere Power Increase/Decrease Schritte
werden zur Leistungsregelung angewandt.
April 2000

23
OPTIMISED POWER CONTROL
April 2000

24
Optimised Power Control - Feature Overview
GSR3
GSR4
SINGLE power increase / Separate for UL & DL

decrease step size for UL &
DL
Power increase step size :
Power increase step size : range
range of 2 - 6 db
of 2 - 14 db
Step sizes FIXED in
database
NO DL power level
oscillation prevention
control
April 2000
Step sizes DYNAMICALLY

SET depd on current power
level
DL oscillation prevention
included

25
Optimised Power Control -
Separate uplink & downlink step sizes
SEPARATE
increment/decrement step sizes for

uplink and down link
2,4,6,8,10
pow_inc_step_size
pow_inc_step_size_ul
pow_inc_step_size_dl
,12,14 dB
2,4dB
pow_red_step_size
pow_red_step_size_ul
pow_red_step_size_dl
* The increment step size must be >= the decrement step size
April 2000

26
Optimised Power Control Dynamic Stepsize
IF ENABLED , increment / decrement step

size can be changed dynamically based on :
current power levels
proximity to upper / lower power thresholds
To ENABLE, set per cell element

dyn_step_adj to 1:
chg_element dyn_step_adj 1 10 cell_number=0 0

RAPID_POWER_DOWN
feature can work with Optimised Power
10111
Control at the same time.

When rapid power trigger point is reached, the feature
OVERRIDES
any Optimised Power Control dynamic adjustment
decision
April 2000

27
Optimised Power Control Dynamic stepsize
types of dynamic step size adjustments
Dynamic power stepsize increase due to poor

RXQUAL
Dynamic power stepsize increase due to poor
RXLEV
Dynamic power stepsize reduction due to good
RXQUAL
* NO Dynamic power stepsize reduction due to good RXLEV

April 2000

28
Dynamic power increase due to poor RXQUAL
occurs when rxqual falls below the lower rxqual

threshold
l_rxqual_ul/dl_p
stepsize = DYN_POW_INC_XX_Q =
MAX [ pow_inc_step_size_xx , fhigh ( Y ) ]
where Y = l_rxlev_xx_p + pow_inc_step_size_xx - current_rxlev_xx
where fhigh( ) denotes the rounding up of a value to the

nearest multiple of 2 dB
April 2000

29
Dynamic power increase due to poor RXQUAL
If current power is below lower power threshold, dynamic

stepsize will increase power to a standard step size above
the lower power threshold. Otherwise dynamic stepsize will
be by the standard step size.
levelAND power level is below lower power
EG. If poorPower
rxqual
u_rxlev_ul_p
threshold...
Standard stepsize
Dynamic
step size
l_rxlev_ul_p
current_rxlev_ul
Current power level
April 2000

30
Dynamic power increase due to poor RXLEV
occurs when rxlevfalls below the lower rxlev threshold

l_rxlev_ul/dl_p
stepsize = DYN_POW_INC_XX_L = fhigh ( Y )

where Y = l_rxlev_xx_p + pow_inc_step_size_xx - current_rxlev_xx
A dynamic power increase stepsize due to low level will

bring the power up to a standard step size above the
lower threshold of the power box
April 2000

31
Dynamic power reduction due to good RXQUAL
occurs when rxqual is above the upper rxqual

threshold
u_rxqual_ul/dl_p
stepsize = DYN_POW_RED_XX =
MAX [ pow_red_step_size_xx , f low ( Y ) ]
where Y = (dyn_step_adj_fmpr /10 ) * (current_rxlev_xx u_rxlev_xx_p)
where f low( ) denotes the rounding down of a value to the

nearest multiple of 2 dB
April 2000

32
where valid range for dyn_step_adj_fmpr is 0

- 10
chg_element dyn_step_adj_fmpr 10 1
cell_number=0 0 1 0 1 1 1
The rate of power reduction bringing power

back to the top of the power box is
proportional to dyn_step_adj_fmpr (with a
minimum required reduction of
pow_red_step_size_xx)
April 2000

33
EG. If good rxqual AND current power level is

above the upper threshold AND dyn_step_adj_fmpr
is 10.
Power level
current_rxlev_ul
Dynamic
step size
Current power level

u_rxlev_ul_p
l_rxlev_ul_p
April 2000

34
BTS power downlink ocillations
Defined as a rxqual based power reduction

resulting in an immediate rxlev based power
increase
current_rxlev_dl
< l_rxlev_dl_p
If the following
condition is+true,
an RXQUAL
+ 2dB
based power reduction will NOT be
performed:
Note: We currently have a different algorithm which

handles this for uplink power oscillation.
April 2000

35
BTS power downlink ocillations
Power level
Is current_rxlev_dl
less than this level??
u_rxlev_dl_p
Standard stepsize
2dB
April 2000
l_rxlev_dl_p

36
Optimised Power Control
Separate Increment and Decrement steps for UL

and DL
Range of
Step
MSvalues for Power Increment
BTS
extended
= 2, 4, 6, , 14
pow_inc_step_size_dl = 2, 4, 6, , 14
dB
pow_red_step_size_ul = 2, 4 dB
dB
pow_red_step_size_dl = 2, 4 dB
Apply dynamic Increment and Decrement steps based

on the position of current power level in the PC window
dyn_step_adj: Enables/disables the Dynamic Step Adjustment algorithm

dyn_step_adj_fmpr: Controls the rapidity of a dynamic power reduction
April 2000

37
Optimised Power Control (2)
Dynamic Power Control

Dynamic power increase due to poor quality
DYN_POW_INCR_XX_Q = max [pow_inc_step_size_xx, fhigh(l_rxlev_xx_p - av_rxlev_xx +
pow_inc_step_size_xx)]
The power increases more rapidly if the power is below the power window
than if it is within it
Dynamic
power increase due to low level
DYN_POW_INCR_XX_L = fhigh(l_rxlev_xx_p - av_rxlev_xx + pow_inc_step_size_xx)]
Dynamic
power reduction due to good quality
DYN_POW_RED_XX_Q = max [pow_red_step_size_xx, fhigh((dyn_step_adj_fmpr / 10) * (av_rxlev_xx u_rxlev_xx_p))]
NO
April 2000
dynamic power reduction due to good level

38
Optimised Power Control (3)
Oscillation Prevention
MS uplink power oscillations prevention mechanism

already existed. Activated with mspwr_alg
NEW BTS downlink power oscillations prevention
algorithm. Activated with dyn_step_adj
A quality based power reduction will be ignored if:
av_rxlev_dl < (l_rxlev_dl_p + pow_red_step_size_dl + 2 dB)
April 2000

39
Enhanced Congestion Relief
Expand the decision process for handover to

include the state of congestion at the target cell
Incorporate the added dimension of Time
Band Aware congestion relief
5 New procedures
April 2000
Non-Imperative handover rejection

Congestion relief handover retry
Incoming handover requests
Handover retry
Multi-band MS redirection
40
Enhanced Congestion Relief (2)
Non-Imperative Handover Rejection

The BSS rejects an incoming non-imperative
(congestion relief) handover if it will cause
congestion relief procedures to be triggered in the
Congestio
target cell
n Relief 2
Congested
Avoids the propagation of congestion
Congested
x
April 2000

Congestion
Relief 1
41
Congestion Relief Handover Retry

The source cell will not attempt a congestion relief
handover, for a period of time, to a target cell which had
rejected a previous handover attempt
Timer: retry_candidate_period
CR HO Atmpt
2
Congested
Timer does not affect imperative retries
Congested
Retry_candidate_period
CR HO Atmpt
1
April 2000

42
Incoming Handover Requests

New parameter in the target cell:
congest_at_target: Controls the behaviour of the target cell
0: No action if the cell rejects a handover request

1: Invoke congestion relief if the cell rejects a handover request
If the target cell rejects an incoming handover because it would

trigger congestion relief, and congest_at_target = 1, it will start
congestion relief to empty a channel and inform the source cell
(intra-BSS only) in the future that the congestion situation has
disappeared
When the target cell accepts an incoming handover and results in
congestion relief invoked, it never attempts a handover back to
April
2000
43
the source cell that started
process
Network the
Operations
Engineering
Handover Retry
New parameter in the source cell:
congest_at_source: Controls the behaviour of the source

cell (retry or not) after a handover is rejected by the target
but the congestion relief invoked (congest_at_target = 1)
April 2000
0: No action if the target cell rejects a handover request

1: If an imperative handover is needed, the source cell retries
candidates that previously rejected the handover request
2: If a congestion relief handover is still needed, the source cell
retries candidates that previously rejected the handover request
3:If any kind of handover is still needed imperative or CR), the
source cell retries candidates that previously rejected the handover
request
44
Multi-band Mobile Station Redirection

New parameter:
mb_tch_congest_thres: (0 - 100%) Percentage point at

which multi-band mobiles start to be redirected to the
preferred
band.
The BSS
does not
allow an incoming band preference handover if
permitting it would cause this percentage to be exceeded
IMPORTANT: Associated Parameters for enhanced CR
handover_required_reject_switch = 1 (MSC sends a handover reject message

to the BSC if an external target can not accept the handover)
number_of_preferred_cells = 1 (1 target cell in the handover required message)
April 2000

45
Directed Retry
HO from SDCCH (congested cell) to TCH (neigh.)

Increase the effective capacity of the system
Requires the MSC to support DR procedures
Decision based in a single Measurement Report
Macrocell
Congested
Microcell
DR HO
SDCCH
connection
DR HO
April 2000
DR HO's
(SDCCH-TCH)

46
Congestion Relief
More effective
technique than
Directed Retry
No special requirements in the switch

More accurate averaging
Macrocell
CR HO
CR HO
CR HO's
(TCH-TCH)
Congested
Microcell
CR HO
CR HO
SDCCH
connection
April 2000

47

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RADIOMOBIL WORKSHOP

Power Control Process

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Effect of Power Control

e ffe c tive re d uc tio n in p o w e r

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

MS / BSS Power Control

UL & DL Measurements Taken

Power Output Adjusted

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Power Control due to Level

MS & BTS power control shares the same averaging

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Power Control due to Quality

MS & BTS power control shares the same averaging

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Standard Power Control

bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are not used.

bts_p_con_ack and ms_p_con_ack timers are used.

RxQual > l_rxqual_ul_h

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Power Control Parameters (1)

Command Not Acknowledged

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Power Control Parameters (2)

Command Not Acknowledged

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Rapid Power Down

MS power is reduced faster

Fast Power Down OFF

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Interaction between RPD and PC

Averaging & voting of normal PC is not utilised

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Configuration of Rapid Power Down

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Micro cell PC window

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Radio Link Revival

The full_pwr_rfloss field enables or disables the

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

POWER CONTROL OPTIMISATION

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Standard Power Control

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

RXLEV POWER CTLS

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

RXLEV POWER CTLS

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

Power Control Adjustment

Network Operations Engineering

Recommended N & P Settings

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION

BTS- und MS-Leistung werden laufend so nachgeregelt, da

In Summe weniger Leistungsabgabe von BTS und MS

Network Operations Engineering

Dynamische Power Control

Bisher (vor GSR4) mit pow_inc_sep_size_XX (+6dB)

Ab GSR4 dynamische Power Increase/Decrease

Je weiter die aktuellen XX_RxLex und/oder

CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES DIVISION