Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Social Process
Continuous Process
Universal
Interrelated
Composite
Social Process
The entire management process is
regarded as a social process as the
success of all organizational efforts
depends upon the willing co-operation
of people
Continuous Process
The process of management is on going and
continuous. Managers continuously take up one or
the other function. Management cycle is repeated
over and over again.
Universal
Management functions are universal in the sense
that a manager has to perform them irrespective of
the size and nature of the organization. Each
manger performs the same functions regardless of
his rank or position in the organization.
Interrelated
Managerial functions are contained
within each other. The performance
of the next function does not start
only when the earlier function is
finished. Various functions are
taken together.
Composite
All Managerial functions are
composite and integrated. There
cannot be any sequence which can
be strictly followed for performing
various functions. The sequential
concept may be true in a newly
started business where functions
may follow a particular sequence
but the same will not apply to a
going concern.
1. Planning
3. Staffing
(a) Leadership
(C) Motivation
5. Co-coordinating
2. Organizing
4. Directing
(b) Communication
(d) Supervision
6. Controlling
PLANNING
Gathering Information
Laying down objectives
Developing Planning premises
Examining alternative courses of action
Evaluation of action patterns
Reviewing limitations
Implementation of planning
ORGANISZING
Every business enterprises needs the
services of a number of persons to look
after its different aspects. The
management sets up the objectives or
goals to be achieved by its personnel. The
energy of every individual is channelized to
achieve the enterprise objectives. The
function of organizing is to arrange, guide
coordinating, direct and control the
activities of other factors of production, Viz,
men, material, money and machines so as
to accomplish the objectives of the
enterprise,.
1.Line Organization
2.Functional Organization and
3.Line and staff organization.
STAFFING
The function involves manning the positions
created by organization process. It is concerned
with human resources of an organization.
DIRECTING
Directing is concerned with carrying out the
desired plans. It initiates organized and
planned action and ensures effective
performance by subordinates towards the
accomplishment of group activities.
Direction is called management in action. In
other words of George R. Terry, Direction is
moving to action and supplying simulative
power to the group after planning.
Leadership
Communication
Motivation and
Supervision
LEADERSHIP
A manager has to issue orders and instructions
and guide and counsel his subordinated in their
work with a view to improve their perform mace
and achieve enterprise objectives.
Leadership is the ability to build up confidence
and zeal among people and to create an urge in
them, to be led. To be successful leader, a
manager must possess the qualities of foresight,
drive initiative, self confidence and personal
integrity.
COMMUNICATION
Communication constitutes a very important
function of management. It is said to be the
number one problem of management today. It is
an established fact that managers spend 75 to 90
per cent of their working time in communicating
with others
MOTIVATION
The term motivation is derived from the word
motive which means a need, or an emotion
that prompts an individual into action
motivation is the psychological process of
creating urge on the subordinates to do
certain things or behave in the desire manner.
It is a very important function of management.
The importance of motivation can be realized
from the fact that performance of a worker
depends upon his ability and the motivation.
SUPERVISION
Supervision is another element of directing
function of management. After issuing
instructions, the manager or the supervisor
of management has to see that all given
instructions are carried out. This is the aim
of supervision. Supervision refers to the job
of overseeing subordinates at work to
ensure maximum utilization of resources to
get the required and directed work done and
to correct the subordinates whenever they
go wrong.
CO-ORDINATION
Coordination is one of the most
important functions of management.
It is essential to channelise the
activities of various individuals in the
organization for the achievement of
common goals. Every department or
section is given a target to be
achieved and they should
concentrate only on their work and
should not bother about the work of
CONTROLLING