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Introduction to
Hadeeth
Based on the books:
1) Mustalaahaat Hadeeth by Shaikh Ibn Uthaimeen,
2) Hujjiyat Hadees by Shaikh ul Hadeeth Abu Ahmad Haafiz Abdus
Sattaar and
3) The Speech Fitna Inkar Hadeeth by Shaikh Ibraaheem Bhatti
Contents:
Please click on any of the following
sub-headings or browse normally
Hadeeth in the Light of Quran
Allah Taala does not order something which cannot be possible. Hadeeth is the
only way we can make prophet(sas) a judge in our disputes.
The Hadeeth al Qudsee, although the meaning is from Allah cannot be recited
in the prayer because the words are from the prophet(sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam).
3) Abdullah bin Umar(radhi Allahu Anhu) narrated that the prophet(sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam) of Allah wrote a letter about sadaqah (zakat) but he died before he could send it
to his governors. He had kept it with his sword. So AbuBakr acted upon it till he died,
and then Umar acted upon it till he died. {this letter is reported as Kitaab-us-sadaqa}
[Sunan Abu Dawood, Kitaab Us-Zakaat, 1568; Tirmidhee, Abwab uz Zakaat, 617; Musnad Ahmad, 2/14
& 2/15; Musannaf Ibn Abee Shaibaa, Kitaab-uz-Zakaat, 3/121; Bayhaqi As-Sunan Al Kubra, Kitaab-UzZakaat, 4/88; Musnad Abu yala, Volume 9, 5470; Irwa Ul-Ghaleel, 265/3; Mustadrak Al Haakim, Volume
1, 1443] GRADED SAHEEH
5) Mousa Bin Talha said that we have the book of Muaaz Bin Jabal(Radhi Allahu Anhu)
which he reported from the Prophet(sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam)
[Sunan Daraqutni, 2/95,1897; See Mishkaat Ul Masaabih 1803]
CLASSIFICATION OF HADEETH
HADEETH AL MUTAWAATIR
This is the narration related from
a group of people (atleast 4 from
generation to generation), where
it is impossible for them to have
agreed upon a lie and the narration
must rely upon the mind and the
senses.
The scholars have no doubt that
this type of Ahadeeth came from
the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam). This is again divided into
Mutawatir in the text and Mutawatir
in the meaning.
HADEETH AL AHAD
Any Hadith which is not
recurrent(mutawatir in the
transmission) is called nonrecurrent ('ahad). This type is
again sub-divided based on
different criteria.
CLASSIFICATION OF HADEETH
A Saheeh Hadeeth meets the above 5 conditions. Hasan Hadeeth meets all except the 3rd condition in
any point in the Isnaad. If a Hadeeth is not Saheeh or Hasan then it is Dhaeef. Especially the 1 st and the
2nd requirements are not met.
Unauthenticity Based on integrity of narrators:
Unauthenticity of Hadeeth Based on
1) Mawdoo (Fabricated, there is some transmitter
dis-continued isnaad (chain of reporters):
who is known for Fabricating and Lying
1) Mursal
Ahadeeth)
-Chain of reporters misses the Sahabi
2) Munkar (Rejected, the text came from only one
channel and the transmitters memory is not
2) Munqati
known to be good)
-Chain misses some reporters in the middle
3) Matrook (Abandoned, Fabrication in the Hadeeth)
3) Mu'dil
4) Mudallas (Masked Transmitters, a transmitter
-Chain misses 2 successive reporters
masks the tranmitter(s) above him)
4) Mu'allaq
5) Mubham (Obscure, Some transmitter is not
-Chains misses the reporter at the end
named)
6) Mudraj (Interpolated, Something has been added
A Dhaeef Hadeeth cannot be used to derive Rulings/Aqeedah
into text) and if it is not Mawdhoo or Munkar
or Matrook can be used in Targheeb wa Tarheeb(for encouragement and discouragement) of the
already established things . It must be indicated that the Hadeeth is Dhaeef. Mawdoo and Munkar
reports should only be used to warn people against acting them.
1) Saheeh Bukhari
2) Saheeh Muslim
3) Sunan Nisaaee
4) Sunan Abu Dawood
5) Sunan At-Timizee
6) Sunan Ibn Majah
7) Muatta Malik
8) Musnad Ahmad
9) Mustadrak Haakim
10) Sunan Ad-Daarimi
11) Sunan Bayhaqi
12) Saheeh Ibn Hibban
Saheeh Bukhari:
The author called it Al Jami as-Saheeh. This book was compiled by Abu
Abdullah Imam Muhammad Bin Ismaeel Al Bukhari. Imam Bukhari was
born in 194 Hijri. He was brought up as an orphan with his mother.
Imam Bukhari was a man of Taqwa. He studied under many Shaikhs and
stayed in hijaz for 6 years. He travelled to as-shaam, al-misr, al-basra, al
kufa, al-baghdad etc. He had a strong memory.
He collected the reports from different scholars dispersed across the
muslim world and completed the book in 16 years. He showed it to the
famous Muhaddiseen of the time namely Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal
(d241hijri), Yahya bin Maeen(d233 hijri) and Alee Ibn Madinee(d234hijri).
Imam Bukhari was a Mujtahid and Faqi and has strange way of
extracting rules from Hadeeth and indeed his book and biography testify
this fact.
Saheeh Bukhari has a total of 7397 Ahadeeth and after removal of
repeated Ahadeeth it becomes 2602. Imam Bukhari said that he included
only Saheeh Hadeeth in this book. The book has unique chapters based
on the topic.
Some Statements about him from the Muhaddiseen in his time:
Imam Ahmad(d241hijri) said Khurasan has not brought out of it a
man like Muhammad Bin Ismail [Mustalahaat Hadeeth, Ibn Uthaimeen]
Saheeh Muslim:
The author called it Al Jami as-Saheeh. This book was compiled
by Imam Muslim Bin Hajjaaj Al Nisapoori. Imam Muslim was
born in 204 Hijri in Nisapoor, Iran. He also travelled to different
countries name al-misr, ash-sham, Iraq and Hijaz.
Many scholars of Ahl-ul-Hadeeth have praised him a lot;
Muhammad ibn Bashaar(rahimahullah) said: The great memorizers
of the world are 4: Abu Zurah in Rayy, ad-Darimee in
Samaqand, Muhammad ibn Ismael in Bukhara and Muslim
in Nisapoor.
Imam Muslim died in Nisapoor in 261 hijri. He also wrote other
books for reporters and transmitters.
Saheeh Muslim is also considered as a book equivalent to Saheeh
Bukhari in its authenticty. The Ahadeeth in Saheeh Muslim are
also arranged by topic and is famously praised for the
arrangement of the Ahaadeeth. Imam Nawawi later divided the
Saheeh Muslim with chapter headings.
Imam Ibn Khuzaima(d311hijri) said I have not seen under the sky,
anyone having more knowledge and better memory of the
Hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah(sas) than Muhammad bin
Ismail [Mustalahaat Hadeeth, Ibn Uthaimeen]
Imam Bukhari wrote many other books like Al-Adab ul Mufrad & others
books which deal with the knowledge of the reporters(transmitters).
SUNAN NISAEE:
Imam Nisaee is Abdur Rahman Ahmad bin Shuaib bin Alee AnNasaee born in 215 Hijri in Nasaa in present Iran. He travelled to
various places seeking Ahadeeth namely Hijaz, Khurasaan,
Shaam, Al-Jazira(arabian penisula), and other places. He stayed in
Egypt for a long time and his books became famous there, he
then travelled to Syria, where he was afflicted with trials. Imam
Nisaee is well respected for his knowledge and the authenticity of
his book Sunan-An-Nasaaee which has very few Dhaeef
Ahaadeeth. After Saheehayn(two Saheehs) his book is the next
authentic book.
Imam Nisaee also wrote a book Dhuafaa Wal Matrookeen on the
Unauthentic reporters and fabricators listing many reporters of
Hadeeth who were not reliable and who were famous fabricators.
Sunan Abee-Dawood:
Abu Dawood is Sulayman bin Ahs-ath bin Ishaaq as-Sijistaani. He
was born in Sijistaan in Basra in 202 Hijri. He travelled seeking
Ahadeeth and reported from people of Iraq, Sham, Misr and
Kharasan. He also took from Imam Ahmad and other scholars.
This is the collection of 4800 Ahdeeth and the author only
collected those Ahadeeth pertaining to the rulings of the Shariah.
Sunan Abu Dawood is a famous book among the scholars of Fiqh
because it colelcted majority of the Ahadeeth concerning rulings
of the Shariah. Its author also stated that he read his book to
Imam Ahmad who commented that it was a good and fine book.
Imam Abu Dawood have commented on the most of the weak
Ahadeeth and the Ahadeeth which he is quiet are considered as
Hasan.The Most famous book of explanation of Abu Dawood is
Awn ul Maabood Sharh Abee Dawood by Allaama Azeemabaadi.
Darussalaam publishers also gave a good research of Sunan
Abee Dawood which is present in Urdu and English.
Sunan At-Tirmidhee:
Imam Tirmidhee is Abu Eesa Muhammad bin Eesa bin Surah asSalamee at-Tirmidhee born in the town Tirmidh in
Uzbekistaan near the northern border of Afghanistan in 209
hijri. He travelled to various place seeking Ahadeeth and
reported from people of Hijaaz, Iraq and Khurasan.
This is the collection which is very popular among the scholars and
this has Saheeh, Hasan and Dhaeef Ahadeeth. Imam
Tirmidhee mentioned clearly the level of every Hadeeth in his
sunan sometimes called as Jami At-Tirmidhee. He also
explained why the weak Ahadeeth in his book are of that
level.
Ibn Rajab(d795h) said: Takhreej in his book of Saheeh, Hasan and
Ghareeb(rare or scarce), regarding the Ghareeb Hadeeth
which he made Takhreej some of them are Munkar(rejected)
Ahadeeth especially pertaining to the virtues
Sunan At-Tirmidhee is a good work for the students and one needs to
check with other Muhaddiseen to check the authenticity for
some of the Ahadeeth in this collection.
Among the most popular commentaries of Tirmidhee is Tohfatul
Ahwadhi biSharh Jami At-Tirmidhee by Abdur Rahman
Mubarakpoori.
TheThe
books
on Reporters and authenticity of Hadeeth
Muhaddiseen recorded the information about the reporters