SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

- RF/IF front end

SAMEER-Centre for Electromagnetics
Chennai-600 113

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

SDR - Responsibilities of SAMEER

Design and development of the multiband

transceiver hardware.
Design and development of wide band
antennas.
Packaging design including thermal
management for RF sub system.
EMI/EMC design of the SDR.
Interface requirements for RF/IF hardware
and baseband platform.
Test and evaluation of the SDR.
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Approach and Implementation

Simplest solution is to have multiple hardware for

the RF front end and programmable baseband

section minimal flexibility.
Higher flexibility achieved by using

programmable hardware solutions signal

processing complexity is high.
In the present proposal, multiple RF hardware

architecture is followed.
All the signals will be brought to a common IF

and digitized for further baseband processing.

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Approach and Implementation

Design of RF/IF architecture
Drafting specifications for the sub systems
Identification of available off-the-shelf modules
Design and development of modules/sub-

systems not available in the market: Pre select

filters, LNA, Power amplifiers, programmable
oscillators with low phase noise and high
resolution, Variable Gain Amplifiers, band select
filters and wide band antennas.
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Approach and Implementation

The front end selection, signal bandwidth,

VGA control and frequency control

commands will be received from the base
band section.
The RF hardware will give SHM

parameters like temperature of power

amplifiers, power supply details to the base
band section.

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Approach and Implementation

Development of Wide band antennas
Design to meet EMI/EMC requirements
Sub system level integration and testing at

SAMEER
System integration and testing at CDAC

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Radio Systems being included

HF

: 10 30 MHz

VHF

: 30 88 MHz

TETRA : 410 - 430 MHz

GSM

: 890 - 915 MHz / 935 - 960 MHz

GSM

: 1710 - 1785 MHz / 1805 - 1880 MHz

WiMAX : 3.3 - 3.4 GHz

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Transmitter specifications
HF
Frequency Range : 10 - 30 MHz
IF Bandwidth

: 3 KHz
Tx Output Power : + 30 dBm

VHF
Frequency Range : 30 - 88 MHz
IF Bandwidth

: 25 KHz
Tx Output Power : + 30 dBm

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Transmitter specifications
TETRA
Tx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Tx Output Power

: 410 - 420 MHz

: 25 KHz
: + 30 dBm

GSM900
Tx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Tx Output Power

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

: 890 - 915 MHz

: 200 KHz
: + 30 dBm

Transmitter specifications
GSM1800
Tx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Tx Output Power

: 1710 - 1785 MHz

: 200 KHz
: +30 dBm

WiMAX
Frequency Range
IF Bandwidth
Tx Output Power

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

: 3300 - 3400 MHz

: 1.75 MHz
: +30 dBm

10

Receiver specifications
HF
Frequency Range
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

: 10 - 30 MHz
: 3 KHz
: - 110 dBm

VHF
Frequency Range
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

: 30 - 88 MHz
: 25 KHz
: - 110 dBm

11

Receiver specifications
TETRA
Rx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

: 420 - 430 MHz

: 25 KHz
: - 112 dBm

GSM900
Rx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

: 935 - 960 MHz

: 200 KHz
: - 104 dBm

12

Receiver specifications
GSM1800
Rx Frequency
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

: 1805-1880 MHz
: 200 KHz
: - 102 dBm

WiMAX
Frequency Range
IF Bandwidth
Sensitivity

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

: 3300 To 3400 MHz

: 1.75 MHz
: - 93.6 dBm

13

Receiver specifications
Maximum input level
Noise Figure
IF Frequency
IF Bandwidth
IF Output Level

: -20 dBm
: 4 dB
: 90 MHz
: 4 MHz
: + 4 dBm for -20

dBm input
Carrier to Noise ratio
: 58dBc/Hz for 112 dBm input
(typical)

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

14

100 MHz Reference source

Stability over temperature : +/- 0.1 ppm over -20

to + 60 degree C
Aging/year
: +/- 2 ppm
Harmonics
: - 25 dBc
Spurious
: - 75 dBc
Output level
: 8 +/- 1 dBm
Phase Noise - 85 dBc/Hz @10 Hz
- 120 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz
- 135 dBc/Hz @ 1 KHz
- 140 dBc/Hz @ 10 KHz
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

15

+12 V

Transient limiter
&
EMI filter

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

DC DC
CONVERTER

RIPPLE
ATTENUATOR

+12 V

DC DC
CONVERTER

RIPPLE
ATTENUATOR

+5 V

DC DC
CONVERTER

RIPPLE
ATTENUATOR

-5 V

16

90 MHz For Tx Sample

PLL
2-WAY
POWER
DIVIDER

DDS

OCXO
100MHz

RF
SWITCH

100 MHz REF IN

3-WAY
POWER
DIVIDER

500-510MHz

WIMAX

SP4T

3210-3310MHz

C
TETRA

GSM 900

GSM 1800

510-520MHz

845-860MHz

1710-1785MHz

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

SP4T

DDS

DDS

10 MHz REF OUT

TETRA

GSM900

800-825MHz

HF 100-120MHz/
VHF 120-178MHz

GSM1800

SPDT

1620-1695MHz

S
P
4
T

TO Tx
AMP

POWER
DIVIDER
TO Rx

C
SP4T

AMP

C
17

SDR Transmitter
HF , VHF

TC16
BPF

HF - 10-30 MHz
VHF 1 - 30- 50 MHz
VHF 2 - 50-88
TETRA - 410-420 MHz

TS2

Power
Switch

TS3

TF2

SP4T

IF

TU1

TU2

TF1

TU3

TU4

DC

AC0,AC1
TO RX 1

T1
(TC4,TC5)

T1 T2 , T3 = ( Sample Signals )

(10-420)MHz(CH-1)

PS3 Power

DRIVER AMP

Power
PS4
Switch

TC17
890MHz-3.5GHz(CH-2)
(TC0,TC1)

TS5
SP4T

Power

TF6
WIMAX

To demodulator
section of TX

TU7

TU11

50 O H M S

WIMAX

-3.3-3.4 GHz

(TC6,TC7)

GSM1800 - 1710-1785 MHz

GSM900 - 890-915 MHz

PA
GSM900

DATA FROM BB

TU17

SPDT

DC
TU15

(TC6,TC7)

(890-3500)MHz
AS3

SPDT

SPDT

T2

(TC10,TC11)

DC

50 O H M
R

(TC8,TC9)

TS9

TU18
TU16

PA

PS5

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

TS8

GSM1800

DRIVER Amp
R

TU14

Switch
TU10

TO RX 2

TC18

PA

VGA

TF8
GSM 1

50 OH M
R

WIMAX

SP4T

SP4T

TF7
GSM 2

LO OUT

PS2

TS6

TS7

AC2,AC3

TC19

Switch

90MHZ

LO IN

AS2

SPDT

DATA FROM BB

16:1
BPF

TETRA

SPDT

PA

(TC2,TC3)

(TC2,TC3)

TU5

TU13

DRIVER Amp

TF5
TETRA

90MHz

TU12

VGA

TF4
VHF 2

TS1

TU9

TU8

TU6

TF3
VHF 1

SPDT

AS1

TS4

SPDT

HF

SP4T

PS1

Power
Switch

T3

TC20

To RX 3

(TC12,TC13)

(AC4,AC5)

18

SAMPLE SIGNALS
LO
TS10

HF ,VHF,TETRA T1
GSM1800 - WIMAX T2
T3
GSM900

TF9
4.32
MHZ

PD

IF

IQ

demod

TU19

HMC241QS16

ADE 42MH

(TC14,TC15)
TU20

UPC2766GR

LO

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

RSSI

19

HF

S
P VHF1
4
T

AS1

LNA

VHF2

AS2

BPF

BPF

LNA

DETECTOR

DIRECTIONAL
COUPLER

BPF

BPF

TETRA

GSM900

GSM1800

S
P
6
T

AMP

VGA

AS3

S
P
4
T

RSSI

RC0 RC1
BPF

LNA

AMP

BPF

RC0 RC1

LNA

S
P
4
T

AMP
LO
AMP

IF O/P
BPF

BPF
RC3
RC2

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

LNA

WIMAX

AMP

AMP
RC6

RC4
RC5

20

Connector 1 (16 Pin)

LYRTECH
Base band unit

HF/
VHF
LVTTL

BB
Selection

Interface
Board

RF

GPIO + SPI

FPGA

TETRA
Front
End section

Connector 2 (30 Pin)

CDAC
Base band unit

GPIO + SPI

(LVDS)

LVDS to
LVTTL
Converter

GSM900/
GSM1800/
WIMAX

IF (Rx)
RSSI (Rx)

10 MHz Ref Clock

SMA Cables

IF (TX)

I (Tx)
Q (Tx)
IF (Tx)
IF (Tx)

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

21

RF SWITCH

Freq
Band

TS1

TS2

TS3

TS4

TS5

POWER SUPPLY SWITCH

TS6

TS7

TS8

TS9

TS10

ANTENNA SWITCH

PS1

PS2

PS3

PS4

PS5

AS1

AS2

AS3

TC0

TC
1

TC2

TC3

TC2

TC
3

TC4

TC
5

TC6

TC
7

TC6

TC
7

TC8

TC
9

TC
10

TC1
1

TC
12

TC1
3

TC
14

TC
15

TC
16

TC1
7

TC1
8

TC1
9

TC2
0

AC0

AC1

AC2

AC3

AC4

AC5

HF

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

VHF1

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

VHF2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

TETRA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

GSM1
(900)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

GSM2
(1800)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

WIMAX

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

22

RF SWITCH
Frequency
Band

RF1

ANTENNA SWITCH

RF2

RF3

AS1

AS2

AS3

RC0

RC1

RC2

RC3

RC4

RC5

RC6

AC0

AC1

AC2

AC3

AC4

AC5

HF

NA

NA

NA

NA

VHF1

NA

NA

NA

NA

VHF2

NA

NA

NA

NA

TETRA

NA

NA

NA

NA

GSM 900

NA

NA

NA

NA

GSM 1800

NA

NA

NA

NA

WIMAX

NA

NA

NA

NA

Design achievements
WiMAX Band pass filters
PLL
DDS
Tunable filters (in progress)
WiMAX LNA (in progress)

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

24

Varactor based Tunable BPF

Frequency in
MHz

30-50

50-88

3 dB Band
width in MHz

22

41

40 dB Band
width in MHz

35

64

Insertion Loss
in dB

Return Loss in
dB

15

15

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Antenna specifications
HF/VHF Antenna
Frequency :10 30 MHz and 30 88 MHz
VSWR

: < 2.0 : 1
Gain
: - 5 dBi (typical)
Radiation
: Omni directional
Power handling : 2 Watts
Dimension : 520X110X55 mm
Type
: Folded planar rectangular
monopole
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Measured Gain for HF/VHF antenna

Frequency (MHz)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Gain (dBi)
-10.84
-10.21
-9.43
-8.65
-7.51
-6.32
-5.4
-3.2
-1.8
+0.56
28

VSWR plot for HF/VHF antenna

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

29

Radiation pattern 10 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

30

Radiation pattern 30 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Radiation pattern 60 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Radiation pattern 90 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Radiation pattern 60 MHz-Horizontal

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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Antenna specifications
TETRA band Antenna
Frequency : 400 430 MHz
VSWR

: < 2.0 : 1
Gain
: 0 dBi (typical)
Radiation
: Omni directional
Power handling : 200 Watts
Dimension : 350X32 (Length X Dia) mm
Type
: Cylindrical monopole

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

35

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

36

Measured Gain for TETRA antenna

Frequency
(MHz)

Gain (dBi)

400

0.89

415

1.04

430

1.12

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

37

VSWR plot for TETRA antenna

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

38

Radiation pattern 415 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

39

Radiation pattern 415 MHz-Horizontal

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

40

Antenna specifications
CDMA/GSM/WiMAX Antenna
Frequency : 824-849/869-894 MHz

890-915/935-960 MHz
1710-1785/1805-1880 MHz
and 3100 3400 MHz
VSWR
: < 2.0 : 1
Gain
: 2 dBi (typical)
Radiation
: Omni directional
Power handling : 200 Watts
Dimension : 128X70X28 mm
Type
: Planar rectangular disc
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

41

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

42

Measured Gain for GSM/CDMA/WiMAX antenna

Frequency (MHz)
824
900
960
1710
1800
1880
3100
3400
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

Gain (dBi)
0.96
1.73
1.96
2.26
2.10
1.72
2.73
2.86
43

VSWR plot for GSM/CDMA 900 MHz band

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

44

VSWR plot for GSM 1800 MHz band

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

45

VSWR plot for WiMAX band

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

46

Radiation pattern 824 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

47

Radiation pattern 900 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

48

Radiation pattern 960 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

49

Radiation pattern 960 MHz-Horizontal

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

50

Radiation pattern 1800 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

51

Radiation pattern 1880 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

52

Radiation pattern 1800 MHz-Horizontal

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

53

Radiation pattern 3400 MHz-Vertical

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

54

Radiation pattern 3400 MHz-Horizontal

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

55

Achievements in antenna design

Wide band antennas with portable

dimensions (HF/VHF)
Ultra wideband folded rectangular
monopole K. George Thomas and N. Lenin in
Microwave and optical technology letters, Vol.49,
No.6, June 2007

Ultra wideband Planar Disc monopole

K.

in IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.54,
No.4, April 2006
George Thomas, N. Lenin and R. Sivaramakrishnan

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

56

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

57

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

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SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

60

Mechanical details
19 inch standard sub rack
Dimension : 426(W)X566(D)X88(H)
Both RF/IF hardware and Power supply

with EMI filter included

EMI/EMC shielding provided
Rear panel contains : IF in, IF out, REF in,
REF out, Power supply and Antenna
connectors

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

61

Present status - Completed

Design of system architecture
Finalization of hardware
Procurement of components and

modules
Circuit design, PCB layout and
assembly
Mechanical design
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

62

Present status - completed

Antenna design and development
Power supply design
Development of circuits and

evaluation
Mechanical fabrication
Antenna fabrication and testing
(partial)
RF Base band Interface finalization
SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

63

Thank you

SAMEER-CEM, Chennai

64