Using the TI-89 Calculator

in
Undergraduate Mathematics Courses

LTC Troy Siemers

Virginia Military Institute
by Troy Siemers, 2006
1

Course Outline
Calculator basics
Algebra
Graphing
Calculus
Matrices and Vectors
Differential Equations
Statistics
Assorted Topics
2

Important Information!!!
The manual that came with the calculator is your
friend. Read it and bring it to every class!!
Manual Organization
Front cover: Short Cuts
Pg 388-391 : Condensed list of all functions
Pg 392-513 : Function descriptions (with examples)
Pg 537 : Reserved variable names
Online manual
http://education.ti.com/us/product/tech/89/guide/89guideus.html

Screen Layout
Menus

History Area

Entry line
(1)

(2) (3)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

(4)

(5)

Current folder
Radians (vs degrees)
Exact (vs approximate, auto)
Graph type
Number of pairs in history area

Important Keys
F1

F2

F4

F5

ESC

2nd

HOME

F3

alpha

APPS

MODE

CATALOG

CLEAR

ENTER
5

Important Keys (cont)

To adjust brightness:
When fed up :

HOME

To clear history area :

CATALOG

and

or

or ESC or

F1

ESC
2nd
(QUIT)

Lists all functions and syntax on their use

(to scroll :
or press beginning letter)
6

Basic Operations
MODE

F1

F2

or

F3

(or up/down)

Most of the entries in mode are self explanatory. Make sure

that the Angle is in radians, the Base is decimal,and the
Exact/Approx is exact.
Some of the things in mode that we will look at later include
changing the Graph type, and splitting the screen.
Other parts deal with how information is displayed. Try changing
the Pretty Print to OFF and see how it affects things.
NOTE!!! You must press ENTER twice to save any changes!!!!!
(This is true on many popup screens as well)

Basic Operations (cont)

F1

to

F8

These function keys bring up menus that depend on

the screen you are currently on.
Note: they can be used in conjunction with the
2nd

and

keys to bring up different screens and menus.

8

Basic Operations (cont)

2nd

and

These are the 2nd and 3rd buttons to access the functions
in orange and green on the keyboard. Important ones to
keep in mind are:
2nd

Math menus

()

Last answer

ENTER

ENTER

Memory access
Last entry

Gives approx. numerical value

Tips
1) To view all variables: 2nd
(var-link)
From here, one can also delete, copy, rename, etc.
variables.
This is also used when transmitting data between TI89s.
2) If something in the history area is too big (pg 91),
either press
or
or
2nd

10

Tips (cont)
3) Use

2nd

alpha

when entering letters.

Press alpha again to get out alpha mode.

4) To use copy/paste/cut, you need to highlight
the object. Hold
and use the arrow keys.
5) When selecting an item from a menu, you can either
scroll down/up and press enter, or you can press the
number or letter next to the item.
11

Algebra
(from home:

F2

One of the main difficulties that people have in using

a calculator to do mathematics is entering the
information properly. It should appear as it does on
your piece of paper. Dont forget rules of operations,
and dont forget your PARENTHESES !!!
The TI89 is a great tool to check your algebra even
if it includes variable names. Lets look at some
examples.
12

Questions:
1) Type in both xy*x*y and x*y*x*y. Why are the
answers different?
2) Factor the polynomial y = x5 1.
3) Solve the equation x5 1 = 0.
4) Find the common denominator for 1/3465 + 1/8085
5) Enter the expression:
1/ 2

1
b
c

1/ 3
b c c a 1
c 2 / 3 c a 1 b 1 / 2

13

Answers:
1) The TI89 thinks xy is a variable name.
2) factor(x^5 1, x) gives

( 5 1) x
( x 1) x
1
2

( 5 1) x
x
1
2

2) cfactor(x^5 1, x) gives (complex roots)

2 5 5
( 5 1)
( x 1) x

i
4
4

2 5 5
5 1
x

i
4
4

2 5 5
( 5 1)
x

i
4
4

2 5 5
5 1
x

i
4
4

14

Answers: (cont)
3) solve(x^5 1 = 0, x) gives x 1 (real roots).
3) csolve(x^5 1 = 0, x) gives (complex roots)
x
x
or

2 5 5
( 5 1)

i or
4
4

2 5 5
5
1 4
i or
4
4
x 1

2 5 5
( 5 1)

i
4
4

2 5 5
5
1 4
i
4
4

4) comDenom(1/3465 + 1/8085) gives 2/4851.

5) Work it out by hand. The expression equals 1.
The TI89 doesnt give 1. Why?
15

Homework Assignment #1
1) Find the partial fraction decomposition for
x 5 3x 1
x 4 3x 3 3x 2 3x 2

2) Find all of the zeros of the function

f ( x ) x 5 6 x 4 49 x 3 64 x 2 230 x 300

3) Expand sin(2 x ) cos(5 x ) in terms of sin(x ) and cos(x )

16

Homework Assignment #1 (cont)

2
2
4) In the expression Ax Bxy Cy Dx Ey F 0

make the substitutions

x x cos y sin
y x sin y cos
and simplify into the form

A x 2 Bx y Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0
What are

A, B, C, D, E, F in terms of A, B, C, D, E, F ?
17

HW Assignment #1 Solutions

x 5 3x 1
1) expand 4
, x
3
2
x 3x 3x 3x 2

gives

x
7
1
27

x3
2
2
10( x 1) 10( x 1) 2( x 1) 5( x 2)

2) czeros( x 5 6 x 4 49 x 3 64 x 2 230 x 300, x) gives

x 5, 3, 10, 1 i, 1 i

3) texpand(sin(2 x) cos(5 x), x) gives

sin( 2 x) cos(5 x) 32 sin 3 x cos 4 x 8 sin x cos 4 x 10 sin x cos 2 x
18

Homework Assignment #1 Solutions (cont)

4) Use xx instead of x (otherwise circular definition error).
Use the following sequence of steps (press enter between each):
x' cos( ) y ' sin( ) STO

xx

x' sin( ) y ' cos( ) STO

yy

A xx 2 B xx yy C yy 2 D xx E yy F
gives
A Acos 2 ( ) (B cos( ) C sin( )) sin( ),
B (2A sin( ) cos( ) B(2 cos 2 ( ) 1) 2C sin( ) cos( )),
C A sin 2 ( ) (B sin( ) C cos( )) cos( ),
D D cos( ) E sin( ),
E (D sin( ) E cos( )),
F F

19

Graphing
The TI83-TI92 make up the graphing calculatorpart
of the TI calculator lineup.
Displaying pictures of graphs of functions, differential
equation vector fields, statistical data, sequences of
points, etc. add to understanding of information.
The TI89 separates itself from its predecessors with
its ability to create 3D graphs as well.

20

Overview:
1) Accessing graphs and related operations:
F5
with F1
to
(note: menus will change depending on current screen)

2)

MODE

: Graph type select, split screen to display

function with its graph.

3) Up to 100 functions of each type (2D, 3D, etc.)

can be stored simultaneously.
4) Halting the graphing process : press ON
21

y = screen: (from anywhere

F1

Enter the functions (up to 100)

F2

- zoom possibilities (in, out, standard, trig, etc.)

F4

- (de)select (functions to be graphed have check mark)

F6

- drawing/shading (line, dot, animated, shade above/below)

F1

and

- Gives format possibilities (including

simultaneous/sequential creation of graphs)

22

Graphing Example
y1( x )

1
e
2

x2
2

Window:

F2

x: -3 to 3, y: 0 to 1/2

To graph,

F3

(look familiar?)

The F5 button in graph mode gives the math menu.

It includes the functions: value, zeros, minimum,
maximum, intersection, (numerical) derivatives and
integrals, inflection points, distance, tangent line, and
arc length.
23

Questions:
Find the following for y1(x):
1) The inflection point in the second quadrant.
2) The derivative at that point.
3) The tangent line at that point.
4) The length of the curve from x = 1 to 1.
5) The total area under the curve.
24

Answers: (from the graph screen and

F5

menu)

1) 8: Inflection (enter range from x = -3 to x = 0) .

ans.: x = 1, y=.24191

2) 6: Derivatives, select dy/dx (enter x = -1).

ans.: dy/dx=.24197

3) A: Tangent (enter x = -1).

ans.: y=.24191x+.483

4) B: Arc (enter x = -1 to x = 1).

ans.: Length = 2.02983

5) 7: f ( x ) dx (enter x= - 3 to x = 3).

ans.:

f ( x) dx .9973

(look familiar?)
25

3D graphing
(In MODE change Graph entry to 3D. y= shows z1, z2, ...)

x y y x
z1
360
3

Example:

type

F1

z1=(x^3*y - y^3*x)/360
F3

to graph
26

x y y x
z1
360
3

27

3D graphing (cont)
Options:
F1

- type of axes, coords.

Gives expanded view

Changes style (wire frame, contour, shaded, etc.)
X

Gives projected views

Rotate (hold to animate)

(Note:

returns to original view)

28

Other types of graphing

(In MODE change the Graph entry)

Parametric : y= screen shows x1(t)= and y1(t)=

(Note:

F5

button now gives dx/dt and dy/dt)

Polar: y= screen shows r1=

(Note:

F5

button now gives dr/d)

Sequence: y= screen shows u1=

(Note: Sequence can be recursive, formulaic, etc.)
29

Homework Assignment #2
1) Graph

x
y
x

and

x
y
x

Where do they intersect?

Find the area between the curves from x = 1 to x = 3.
Find the tangent line of each at x = 1.
2) Graph y (t ) 0.78540 0.63662 cos 2t 0.07074 cos 6t
0.02546 cos10t 0.01299 cos14t

and y (t ) 1.2732 sin 2t 0.4244 sin 6t

0.2546 sin 10t 0.18186 sin 14t

How are the two functions related?

(note: these are the first few terms in the Fourier series for
some common functions)

30

Homework Assignment #2 (cont)

3) Create a graph where the area under the function
y 1.25 x cos( x ) and above the x-axis is shaded.
4) Multipart Function:
Define a step function as

0, t c
uc (t )
1, t c

1
t / 4
Let h(t ) 1 e cos

15t 15 t / 4

e sin

4 15

15t

31

Homework Assignment #2 (cont)

4) Multipart Function: (cont)
Using the definitions of uc(t) and h(t), graph the function

y (t ) u5 (t ) h(t 5) u20 (t ) h(t 20)

Note: Have a look at the Multi-statement functions, pg. 195.
Also, this is the graph of the solution to the differential equation
2y + y + 2y = u5(t) u20(t)
which models a spring-mass system with variable mass.

32

HW Assignment #2 Solutions
1) Graph both functions and use the calculus menu
to get the intersection, integration and tangent line
commands.

F5

Intersection: specify the two functions and range.

(the graphs intersect at each non-zero integer)
Integration: Find each integral from 1 to 3 and subtract.
Areas: 2.60269 1.50408 = 1.09861 (approx)
Tangent line: specify the function and x=1.
No solution found since y(1) doesnt exist for each.
33

Homework Assignment #2 Solutions (cont)

2) The derivative of the first equals the second.

34

Homework Assignment #2 Solutions (cont)

3) Plot the graph. Under the calculus menu select shade.
It will prompt you for shading above/below the axis.
A possible graph is:

35

Homework Assignment #2 Solutions (cont)

4) This is most easily done by defining our function as the product
of a couple others. Two of these are multipart functions defined
by the when command.

y1( x) when ( x 5, 0, 1)
y 2( x) when ( x 20, 0, 1)

1
t / 4
y3(t ) 1 e cos
2

gives

0, x 5
y1( x)
1, else

gives

0, x 20
y 2( x)
1, else

15t 15 t / 4

e sin

4 15

y 4( x) y1( x) y3( x 5) y 2( x) y3( x 20)

15t

36

Homework Assignment #2 Solutions (cont)

4) (cont) The graph looks like: (use x: 0..40, y=(-.3)..(.8))

37

Calculus
(from home:

F3

Limits
Symbolic and numerical (partial) Derivatives, Integrals
Sums, Products, Max/Min
Arc Length, Tangent lines
Taylor Polynomials

38

Questions:
1) Find the derivative of y = x*cos(x).
2) Find the integral of x*ln(x).
3) Compute

2
n

n 1

4) Compute 12
n
n 1

5) Find the Taylor polynomial of order 4 centered at x=0

for y=cos(x). Now graph both the function together
with this polynomial.
39

Answers:
1) d(x*cos(x), x) gives cos(x) x*sin(x)
2) ( x * ln( x) , x) gives

x 2 ln( x) x 2

2
4

3) (n^ 2, n,1, b) gives

b (b 1) (2 b 1)
6

4)

(1 / n ^ 2, n,1, )

gives

2
6
40

Answers:(cont)
5) taylor(cos(x),x,3,4) gives
cos(3) ( x 3) 4 sin(3) ( x 3) 3 cos(3) ( x 3) 2

sin(3) ( x 3) cos(3)
24
6
2

or (approx)
.04125 ( x 3) 4 .02352 ( x 3) 3 .4949 ( x 3) 2 .1411 ( x 3) .9899

41

Homework Assignment #3
1
3

sin

2
x
x

1 cos
x

1) Compute

lim

2) Compute

( x 1) 2
lim
x 1 x ln x x x cos x

(how would you do it by hand?)

3) Compute the derivative of y x
4) Compute the following

x
e
dx

and

x3
2 ( x 1) ( x 2 1) dx
42

Homework Assignment #3 (cont)

5) Compute
2 x 3 5x 2 8 x 4
( x 2 2 x 2) 2 dx

6) Using nested functions, find dy/dx for

0

1
y
dt
2
1 t
cos( x )

7) In one line, using repeated derivatives, find

3 f
for
x z y

f ( x, y, z ) tan ( x y z )
43

Homework Assignment #3 (cont)

8) Find the area under y 1.25 x cos( x ) and above
the x-axis from x = 2 to x = .
9) Find the arc length of the curve
4x2
y 4
9

from x = 3 to x = 3.
Note: This is the perimeter of the upper half of an ellipse.

10) Find the maximum and minimum of the function

y 1.25 x cos( x )
on the interval 4, 1

44

HW Assignment #3 Solutions
1)

3
1
limit 2 sin
x
x

1 cos , x, 0
x

2) By hand, you use lHopitals rule. By calculator, its

( x 1) 2
limit
, x,1,0 0
x ln x x x cos x

d
3) y x y ' d (ceiling( x), x) (floor( x))
dx
45

Homework Assignment #3 Solutions (cont)

4)

(e^ ( x ^ 2), x,0, ) .886227

(in exact mode, the integral will be returned. You must
force it to approximate)

2
1
((
x

3
)
/((
x

1
)

(
x

1
))
,
x
,
2
,

ln(
5
)

tan
(1 / 2)

(approximate mode is not exact)

5) ((2 x ^3 5 x ^ 2 8 x 4) /( x ^ 2 2 x 2)^ 2, x)
1
ln(| x 2 x 2 |) tan ( x 1) 2
x 2x 2
2

46

Homework Assignment #3 Solutions (cont)

6) d ( (1 /(1 t ^ 2), t , cos( x),0), x)

1
x

(cos( x) 1) tan

7) d (d (d (tan 1 ( x y z ), y ), z ), x)

2(3 x 6 x( y z ) 3 y 6 yz 3 z 1)

( x 2 2 x( y z ) y 2 2 yz z 2 1)3
2

8)

1
.
25
x

cos(
x
),
x
,
,

1
.
25
x

cos(
x
),
x
,
0
,

8.56748

2
2
2

(or do it from the graph screen with these bounds)

47

Homework Assignment #3 Solutions (cont)

9) Graph the function

4x2
y 4
9

from x = 3 to x = 3. Then use the Arc command on

the math menu with parameters 3 and 3.
Answer = 7.93272 (approx.)
10) Graph the function y 1.25 x cos( x ) for x = -4 to 1 and
use the maximum/minimum commands on the math menu.
Maximum: (-3.42562, 4.11046) (approx)
Minimum: (-.860334, -.70137)(approx)
48

Matrices and Vectors

(from home: APPS

Matrix and vector manipulations with the TI89

are very useful and fast. Vectors are treated as row or
column matrices so the computations are the same as
for matrices. As with many applications, the bulk of the
time is spent in entering the information.
Lets start with an example.
Solve the system
of equations:

25 x 61 y 12 z 25

18 x 12 y 7 z 10
3x 4 y z 4

49

We create the coefficient matrix and use the reduced

row echelon form to read off the solutions.
APPS

Data/Matrix editor.

Type : Matrix
Folder : main
Variable : m
Rows : 3
Columns : 4

50

Enter coefficient matrix in spreadsheet.

25 x 61 y 12 z 25

18 x 12 y 7 z 10
3x 4 y z 4

51

Computation: rref(m)
(either type this in manually, get the function
from the catalog or follow the procedure below)
From the home screen:
2nd

Math menus

Matrix submenu

rref function

Solution: x = -2.0523 , y = 3.878 , z = 13.356

(approx)
52

Questions:
1) Find the inverse, transpose, determinant, eigenvalues,
eigenvectors, and LU decomposition of the matrix
6 12 18
m 5 14 31

3 8 18

2) Find the dot and cross products of the vectors

u1 i 2 j u2 3i 4 j

53

Questions: (cont)
3) Three armored cars, A, B, and C, are engaged in a
three-way battle. Armored cat A had probability 1/3
of destroying its target, B has probability 1/2 of destroying its
target, and C has probability 1/6 of destroying its target. The
armored cats fire at the same time and each fires at the strongest
opponent not yet destroyed. Using as states the surviving cats at
any round, set up a Markov chain and answer the following
questions:
a) How many of the 8 states are absorbing?
b) Find the expected number of rounds fired.
c) Find the probability that A survives the battle.
54

Questions: (cont)
4) The method of least squares (for 4 data points). Given a set of
data points (xi,yi), i=1,2,3,4, we wish to find the line of best fit.
This line is given by y = mx + b where the m and b are found
by solving the equation
A AX = A Y
T

for

x1
x
A 2
x3

x4

Find the line of best fit to the following

data that describes the concentration of
a certain drug in a persons body after a
certain number of hours. Use the line to
estimate the amount of drug present
after 5 hours.

1
1

m
X
b

y1
y
Y 2
y3

y4

Hours

Conc.
(ppm)

2.1

1.6

1.4

1.0

55

Answers:
1) Use the method in the example to enter the matrix m.
From the math menu (matrix submenu), or catalog,
m^-1, mT, det(m), eigVl(m), eigVc(m), and
LU m, m1, m2, m3 give
3
5
1/ 6
m 1 1 / 8
9 / 4 4

1 / 12 1 / 2 1

6 5 3
m T 12 14 8

18 31 18

det( m) 24

eigVl(m ) {1.92818 35.7234 .348426}

.971 - .547 .824
eigVc( m ) - .227 - .725 - .556

- .068 - .420 .112

0 0
1
6 12 18
m1 5 / 6 1 0 m 2 0 4 16

1 / 2 1 / 2 1
0 0 1

1 0 0
m 3 0 1 0

0 0 1

56

Answers:
2) Use the method in the example to enter u1, u2 (as rows).
From the math menu (matrix submenu), or catalog,
dotP(u1 , u 2 ) 5

crossP(u1 , u 2 ) 0 0 10

3) In order to solve this problem, we need the possible states that

the system can be in after each shot is fired. Since each car can
be either dead or alive after a shot, there are 2*2*2=8 states.
These are:
none, A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, ABC
We create a transition matrix with the (i,j) entry giving the
probability of moving from state i to state j in one shot. (Of
course, state AB can never be achieved, but we need it for the
calculations)
57

Answers:
3) (cont) The transition matrix P is given below.

A
B
P C
AB
AC
BC
ABC

A B
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
.17 .17 .33
.06 .28 0
.08 0 .42
0
0
0

AB AC BC ABC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0 .33 0
0
0

.11 0 .55 0
0
.06 0
0 .42 0

.22 0 .22 .28 .28

Note: P can be blocked off into four 4X4 pieces as

I4
P
S

58

Answers:
3) (cont) From the theory of absorbing Markov chains, we define
the matrix

T ( I 4 Q)

The information we need is included in the matrices T and T*S.

AB

AB AC
0
1 .5

T AC
BC
ABC

0
0

BC ABC
0
0
2.25 0
0
0 1 .7 0

.69 .66 1.4

AB
T S AC
BC
ABC

A B
.25 .25 .5
.13 .63 0
.14 0 .71
.09 .19 .27

C
0
.25
.14

.44

59

Answers:
3) (cont) The sum of the entries in the last row of T gives
the expected number of shots fired

0 .69 .66 1.4 2.75

The last row of T*S gives the probabilities of the battle ending
in the state associated with that column.

P ( None survive) 9 %
P ( A survives) 19 %
P ( B survives) 27 %
P (C survives) 44 %
60

Answers:
4) Enter the matrices A, X, and Y as before. The solution to
ATAX = ATY is X = (ATA)-1ATY
Computations:
120 20
1/20 - 1/4
T
-1
A A
, ( A A)

20
4
1/4
3/2

2.1
1.6

Y
1.4

1.0

m
.175
T
-1
T

(
A
A)
A
Y

b
2.4

So, our least squares line is C = .175 t + 2.4 where C is the

concentration (in ppm) and t is the time (in hours).
When t = 5, C = 1.525.
61

Homework Assignment #4
1) Solve the system of equations
x 2 y 3 z 2 w 5
y 4 z 2 w 1

3x y 4 z 10
2 x y 3w 5

2) Find the inverse, transpose, determinant, eigenvalues, and

eigenvectors for
25 61 12
m 18 12
7

Use 4 point decimal

4
1
3
approximation
62

Homework Assignment #4 (cont)

3) Find a unit vector that points in the same direction as u1 and
the dot and cross products of the vectors

u1 i j 2k u2 3i 3 j
4) Find the (Householder) QR factorization of the matrix
6 12 18
m 5 14 31

3 8 18
(use 4 point decimal approximations)
63

Homework Assignment #4 (cont)

5) Using the least squares example above as a guide, find the
line of best fit for the data in the table below.
Rainfall
(inches)

Yield of Wheat
(bushels per acre)

12.9

62.5

7.2

28.7

11.3

52.2

18.6

80.6

8.8

41.6

10.3

44.5

15.9

71.3

13.1

54.4

Use the line to make a guess as

to the yield of wheat if 22
inches of rain falls.
64

HW Assignment #4 Solutions
1) Enter the matrix using the matrix editor, then use the
rref command.
Answer: x = 683/185, y = -21/37, z = -76/185, w = -112/185
(approx: x = 3.6919, y = -.5676, z = -.4108, w = -.6054)

2) Enter the matrix and perform the calculations:

.4143
3
.0234 .019
25 18
m^ (1) .0571 .0161 .5725 , m T 61 12 4
.1581 .1215 2.0469
12 7
1
det(m) 683, eigVl(m) {31.6486, 44.1376, .488942}
.7342 - .9449 - .1958
eigVc(m) - .6786 - .3143 .2674
.0166 - .0906 .9434

65

Homework Assignment #4 Solutions (cont)

3) Input the vectors as a single row matrix and compute.

6
unitV(u1 )
6
dotP(u1 , u 2 ) 6

6
6

crossP(u1 , u 2 ) 6 6 0

4) Input the matrix into the editor

QR m, m1, m2 gives
.7171 .693 .0743
8.3667 19.8408 37.8887
m1 .5976 .6663 .446 , m2
0
3.2160 13.1395
.3586 .2754

.892
0
0
.892
66

Homework Assignment #4 Solutions (cont)

5) Input

Solution:

12.9
7.2

11.3

18.6
A
8.8

10.3
15.9

13.1

1
1
1

1
1

1
1

62.5
28.7

52.2

80
.
6

Y
41.6

44.5
71.3

54.4

m
4.42372
T
-1 T
b X ( A A) A Y .22919

The line is y = 4.42372 x + .22919.

If x = 22(inches), y = 97.55(bushels/acre) (approx.)
67

Differential Equations
The TI89 can solve first and second order differential
equations using the deSolve() function.
It can plot the solutions of higher order differential
equations by transforming an nth order differential
equation into a system of n 1st order equations.
Initial conditions can be entered as well to give a specific
solution (instead of a general solution).

68

2
Example: Solve: y ' y x
x
2
y

x
2 x 2
Solution: deSolve(y + y = x^2, x, y) :
1

Note: deSolve() is under the Calc menu, prime is

2nd

We can also give the vector field plot for our solution.
Change the

MODE

Graph setting to DIFF EQUATIONS.

On the y= screen, enter

y1= t^2 - y1,

yi1 = {0,3}

F2

- x, y min/max: -5 to 5, fldres to 20

F3

- graphs vector field and particular

solutions

69

This graph displays the slope field along with two solutions
given by the initial contitions y(0)=0 and y(0)=3.
Note: other initial conditions can be specified with
2nd

F8

70

Example: Solve: y ' ' '2 y ' '2 y ' y sin( x ),

y (0) 0, y ' (0) 1, y ' ' (0) 1
Since this is not 1st or 2nd order, the best we can do is
graph the solution. This is always useful to get an idea
of the behavior of the solution.
First, we must transform the equation into a system of four 1st order
equations by introducing the intermediate variables y 1, y2, y3 as
y1 y ,
y 2 y1 ' y ' ,
y 3 y 2 ' y1 ' ' y ' '

transforming
the equation
to the system

y1 ' y 2 ,
y2 ' y3 ,
y 3 ' sin(t ) 2 y 3 2 y 2 y1

Now we can enter the equation in the calculator.

71

Example:(cont)
In the y= screen, enter the system of equations with
initial conditions yi1=0, yi2=1, yi3=1.

A few adjustments have to be made before graphing the solution.

72

Example:(cont)
On the y= screen, make sure y1 is the only one checked.
Enter

and set

Axes=ON, Labels=ON, Solution Method=RK,

Fields=FLDOFF (important!)
In the y= screen, enter

2nd

F2

and set Axes=TIME

In the window screen enter

t0=0, tmax=10, tstep=.1, tplot=0
xmin=-1, xmax=10, xscl=1, ymin=-3, ymax=3, yscl=1
ncurves=0, diftol=.001
73

Example:(cont)
Now graph.

F3

A solution (using MA311 tools) can be found to be

y .554e 1.54 x .554e 2.28 x cos(1.12 x ) .367e 2.28 x sin(1.12 x ) sin( x )
74

Homework Assignment #5
1) Solve:

y ' '2 y ' y sin( x ) cos( x )

1/ 2
(
2
x

3
)
y
'

(
2
x

3
)
2) Solve:

3) In the solution to number 2), find the value of the constant

when y=0 and x= 1. (Hint: See pg 184)

75

Homework Assignment #5 (cont)

4) Follow our example for third order differential equations
to plot the solution to

y ' ' '3 y ' '9 y '13 y 0,

y (0) 1, y ' (0) 2, y ' ' (0) 3
Use the window screen settings
t0=0, tmax=3, tstep=.1, tplot=0,
xmin=-1, xmax=2, xscl=1, ymin=-15, ymax=20, yscl=1, ncurves=0, diftol=.001

4e x 4e 2 x cos(3x ) 4e 2 x sin(3x )

Note: the actual solution is y ( x )

9
9
9
76

HW Assignment #5 Solutions
1) deSolve( y ' '2 y ' y sin( x) cos( x), x, y )
gives
2 cos(2 x) 3 sin( 2 x)

(c1 x c 2)e x
25
50
2) deSolve((2 x 3) y ' y (2 x 3)1/ 2 , x, y )
gives

2 x 3 ln(2 x 3)
c1 2 x 3
2

77

Homework Assignment #5 Solutions (cont)

3) Define y

2 x 3 ln(2 x 3)
c1 2 x 3
2

then solve(y 0, c1) | x -1 gives c1 0

4) Follow the example to get the graph:

78

Statistics
The TI89 statistical capabilities include finding one
and two variable descriptive statistics (mean,
median, variance, etc.), regressions (linear, quadratic,
cubic, logistic, etc.), correlations, and plots of data
along with their regression curves.
As with any set of data, the bulk of time is spent in
entering the data. Computations are very fast.
Note: from the home screen,
2nd

(MATH menu)

6
(Statistics submenu)

79

Example:
Input is similar to method for Matrices.
APPS

- now on data entry screen (New)

Keep as data and input Variable name:

Example: set1 ( alpha or
- not case sensitive)

80

In column c1,
type 1, 4, 7, 7, 10, 39

From

F5

screen

Calculation Type : OneVar

X : c1
ENTER

gives mean, x, x2, Sx, # entries, minX, quartiles, maxX

81

Example:

APPS

Input data name: set2

Press

C1:1,2,3,4,5,6,10
C2:1,8,27,64,125,216,1000

F5

Change Calculation Type: LinReg

Store ReGEQ to y1(x)

X: C1

Y:C2

82

The regression line is now stored in y1(x).

(Change the MODE Graph to FUNCTION to see it)

Do same for QuadReg in y2(x) and CubicReg in y3(x).

We now plot the data with the regression curves.

83

Statistical Plots
From the worksheet
F1

F2

F2

X: C1

Y:C2

- brings up the y= screen

(note: push

F3

F1

to see the Plots)

- graphs it all

- zoom to the appropriate fit (ZoomFit) or,

F2

- specify range of x and y

84

Here, the data is plotted as squares together with

the linear, quadratic, and cubic regression curves.
85

Homework Assignment #6
1) This is a continuation of problem 5) from assignment #4.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Enter the rainfall vs. yield information as a data set.

Find the linear regression between the two variables.
Plot the regression line together with a scatter plot of the data.
Use the value command in the Math submenu to find the
yield for 22 inches of rain.

86

Homework Assignment #6 (cont)

2) The following 150 data points are scores from a recent
government achievement test.
62
43
58
55
46
45
81
57
68
46

37
59
77
44
50
60
72
40
56
60

49
56
74
63
35
47
54
44
47
45

56
70
63
47
56
72
57
55
86
69

89
64
37
28
43
87
92
36
52
74

52
55
68
83
61
54
61
55
70
42

41
62
41
46
76
67
42
44
59
55

70
79
52
55
63
45
30
40
40
46

80
48
60
53
66
76
57
57
71
50

28
26
69
72
42
52
58
28
56
53

54
61
58
54
50
57
62
63
34
77

45
56
73
83
65
32
86
45
62
70

95
62
14
70
41
55
45
86
81
49

52
49
60
61
62
70
63
61
58
58

66
71
84
36
74
44
28
51
43
63

a) Find the one variable descriptive statistics.

b) Create a histogram of the data using classes 10-19, 20-29, , 90-99.

87

Homework Assignment #6 (cont)

3) The following table holds the scores obtained by 44 cadets firing at a target
from a kneeling position, X and from a standing position, Y.
X

81
93
76
86
99
98
82
92
95
98
91

83
88
78
83
94
87
77
94
94
84
83

81
96
86
91
90
87
90
98
94
75
88

76
81
91
76
81
85
89
91
94
76
88

94
86
91
85
93
83
83
99
90
96
85

86
76
90
87
84
87
81
97
96
86
84

77
97
83
86
98
93
88
90
97
89
88

83
86
78
89
91
82
78
93
92
87
92

Create a scatter plot and describe the relationship between the scores
in the two positions.
88

HW Assignment #6 Solutions
1) APPS

Create data set s. Input the data.

F5

Change calculation type to LinReg. X : c1, Y : c2.

Store RegEQ to y1(x). Gives y=4.4424 x + .2292
F2

F1

X : c1, Y : c2.

F2

X : 0 to 23, Y : 0 to 100.

F3

Graphs it all.
89

Homework Assignment #6 Solutions (cont)

1) (cont)

F5

Select value and input x=22. Result y=97.55

90

Homework Assignment #6 Solutions (cont)

2) Again, use the data editor to create a data set and
input the values.
F5

Change calculation type to OneVar. X : c1.

Answers:
Mean = 57.05, Standard Deviation = 15.02
Min = 14, Q1 = 46, Median = 56.5, Q3 = 67, Max = 95

91

Homework Assignment #6 Solutions (cont)

2) (cont)

(Highlight Plot 2) F1
Change Plot Type to Histogram, X : c1, Hist. Width = 10
F2

F2

X : 0 to 100, Y : 0 to 50.

F3

Graphs it all.

92

Homework Assignment #6 Solutions (cont)

3) Again, use the data editor to create a data set and
input the values.
(Highlight Plot 2) F1
Change Plot Type to Scatter, X : c1, Y : c2
F2

F2

X : 60 to 100,
Y : 60 to 100.
F3

Graphs it all.

(Shown with y=x to indicate standing scores

93
arent as good as kneeling)

Functions, Programming, and

Numeric Solver
User-defined functions:
Expand existing TI89 functions.
Useful in evaluating the same expression with
different values.
Can graph or store resulting values.
Numeric Solver:
Provides fast solutions to expressions or equations.
94

Programming:
Similar syntax to common programming languages
(e.g. IfEndIf, loops, etc.)
Can call other programs as subroutines.
Can change the TI89s configuration inside a program
(e.g. setMode command)
Can prompt user for input.
Can get or create Assembly-Language programs.

Now, some examples

95

Example: A Millionaire in the Making

Under what saving conditions can you become a
millionaire?
We answer this question using three methods:
1) A user-defined function.
2) A program.
3) The numeric solver.

96

Assumptions and Variables:

Time horizon. Variable name: t
(the amount of time until $1,000,000 is achieved).
Number of interest compounding periods per year.
Variable name: n.
The annual (nominal) interest rate expressed as a
decimal. Variable name: r.
Amount invested per interest period (equal per period).
Variable name: P.
We assume that the interest rate is constant over
the time horizon.
No inflation is assumed.
97

Formulas:
The basic formula for the future value of a one time
investment P, at rate r, for t years, with n compounding
periods is:

r
F P 1
n

t n

To get the formula we are interested in, we use

a finite sum over the entire time horizon. (next page)
98

Formulas: (cont)

r
r

P P 1 P 1
n
n

r
P 1
n

t n

Using a simple formula on partial sums of geometric

series, we have
Pn
r
Value
1
r
n

t n 1

We now use this in our function, program, and the

numeric solver.

99

User-defined Function: (pg. 85)

We create a function called value1 which takes the
variables, P, n, r, and t, and returns the future value.
There are three ways to do this (see pg 85). We use
the store command here.
Type:
p*n/r*((1+r/n)^(t*n+1)-1)

STO

value1(p,n,r,t)
press

ENTER
100

User-defined Function: (cont)

To use this function, you can either type for example:
value1(1000, 4, 0.08, 10)
or,
2nd

(var-link)

and select the function from there. On the entry line of

the home screen, it will place value1(. Input the data
above and press enter.
101

Program: (ch. 17)

We use the program editor to enter our program
which prompts the user for values of the variables
and returns the value of the investment.
APPS

- opens the program editor

Type: Program,
Folder: main,
Variable: value2

102

Program: (cont)

Using the CATALOG

key,enter the
commands on the
line under Prgm.

value2()
Prgm
ClrIO
Disp "Enter P":Prompt p
Disp "Enter n":Prompt n
Disp "Enter r":Prompt r
Disp "Enter t":Prompt t
p*n/r*((1+r/n)^(t*n+1)-1)->val
Disp "Value is"
Disp val
EndPrgm
103

Program: (cont)
To run the program, from the home screen either type
value2()

(no input here)

or,
2nd

(var-link)

and select the function from there. On the entry line of

the home screen, it will place value2(. Close the
parenthesis and press enter.
104

Numeric Solver: (ch. 19)

At this point you may be wondering about the whole
millionaire part. The trouble is that there are four
variables that you can adjust to meet your goal. Thats
where the numeric solver can help since you get to
choose which variable to solve for.
APPS

opens the
numeric solver
105

Numeric Solver: (cont.)

Enter the equation:
1000000=p*n/r*((1+r/n)^(t*n+1)-1)

press

ENTER

Input values for all but one of the variables, move the
cursor to the remaining variable, and press F2
Example: n = 4, r = .08, t = 10. Move cursor to
p = and press
F2
p = 15971 (note: this is dollars per quarter)
106

Final Problem Set

Instructions: The solutions to these problems MUST include
details about how the calculator was used in addition to
your final answers. Graph link software may be used for
printouts. I can supply the software for installation on your
computer.

1) Calculate

4
n 1 n

and

6
n 1 n

What does this say about

5
n 1 n

? (Note: The exact value

is unknown)
107

Final Problem Set (cont)

2 sin( y )
dy
2a) Compute
0 y

2b) Plot

4
sin(3x) sin(5 x)
sin(13x)
y sin( x)

3
5
13

(Note: This problem is related to something called

Gibbs phenomenon in signal processing)

108

Final Problem Set (cont)

3a) Find the determinant of the following matrices.
These special matrices are called Vandermond matrices.
1 2
2 2

1 2 3
2 2 3

3 3 3

1 2 3 4
2 2 3 4

3 3 3 4

4 4 4 4

3b) Find the formula for the determinant of

1 2 3 n
2 2 3 n

3 3 3 n

n n n n

n
n

109

Final Problem Set (cont)

4) The Hessian of a function f ( x, y ) is defined to

f xx
be the determinant
f yx

(Note: f xy

f xy
f yy

2 f
f
means yx y x )

Find the Hessian of the function

f ( x, y ) x y 2 x ln( x 2 y )
110

Final Problem Set (cont)

5) The given chart represents mile run times (in seconds)
by world class runners in the given year (after 1900).
Year

Time

Year

Time

Year

Time

Year

Time

54
54
56
56
58

239.4
238.0
238.1
238.5
234.5

58
60
60
62
62

236.2
235.3
234.8
235.1
234.4

64
64
66
66
68

234.1
234.9
231.3
232.7
231.4

68
70
70
72
72

231.8
232.0
231.9
231.4
231.5

a) Find the linear, cubic, and logarithmic regression curves

for the data.
b) Use each curve to predict a time for the year 2002.
c) The current world record of 223.1 was set in 1999 by
Moroccan runner Hicham El-Guerrouj. Which of the
curves in part a) best approximate this?
111

Final Problem Set (cont)

6) When a tractor trailer turns into a cross street or
driveway, its rear wheels follow a curve called a tractrix.
The function that traces this curve is the function y f (x)
that is a solution to the differential equation
y'

1
x 1 x2

x
1 x2

a) Solve the differential equation.

b) The solution provided by the calculator is wrong.
Explain what is wrong with this solution.
c) The actual solution is given below. Plot this function.
1

y cosh (1 / x) 1 x

2
112

Final Problem Set (cont)

7) A random variable X is said to have an Erlang
distribution (with parameters and r) if the associated
probability distribution function is given by

f ( x)
x r 1e x , x 0
(r 1)!
r

The Erlang distribution is a special case of the gamma

distribution and is appropriate for queuing theory
applications including loss and waiting times in telephone
calls.
(cont next page)
113

Final Problem Set (cont)

7) (cont) The mean and variance 2 formulas
for any distribution are

x f ( x) dx, x f ( x) dx
2

Compute the mean and standard deviation for the

Erlang distribution in the case that =3 and r=2.

114

Final Problem Set (cont)

8) The center of mass of an object is

Mx My Mz

,
,
M M M

b f2 ( x) g2 ( x, y )

where

( x, y, z ) dzdydx

a f 1 ( x ) g1 ( x , y )

b f2 ( x) g2 ( x, y )

Mx

x ( x, y, z ) dzdydx

a f1 ( x ) g1 ( x , y )

b f2 ( x) g2 ( x, y )

My

y ( x, y, z ) dzdydx

a f1 ( x ) g1 ( x , y )

b f2 ( x) g2 ( x, y )

Mz

z ( x, y, z ) dzdydx

a f1 ( x ) g1 ( x , y )

and (x,y,z) is the density of the object.

115

Final Problem Set (cont)

8)(cont) Find the centroid of the object defined by
( x, y , z ) 1
2 x 2 (a 2, b 2)
4 x2
4 x2
y
2
2

2
2

x
f ( x)
, f 2 ( x)
1

2
2

0 z 2 x ( g1 ( x, y ) 0, g 2 ( x, y ) 2 x)
116

Final Problem Set (cont)

9) For what values of does the following system of
equations have a solution? For those , give the solution.

x 61 y 12 z 25

18 x y 7 z 10
3 x 4 y z 4

117

Final Problem Set (cont)

10) One of the roots of x5 1 = 0 is 1. Find the other
(complex) roots of the equation x5 1 = 0. Lable the
roots 1, r2, r3, r4, r5 and complete the chart below
(where the entry in the ith row and jth column is ri * rj).
1

r2

r3

r4

r5

1
r2
r3
r4
r5

118

Final Problem Set Solutions

4
1

1)
(1 / n ^ 4, n,1, )

4
90
n 1 n

(1 / n ^ 6, n,1, )

6
945
n 1 n

So,

1
5
90 n 1 n
945
4

119

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

2) (2 / ) * (sin( y ) / y, y,0, ) 1.17898
4
sin(3 x) sin(5 x)
sin(13x)

Store y1( x) sin( x)

3
5
13

Plot with x between 2 and 2, y between 2 and 2

120

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

3a) det([[1,2][2,2]]) = 2
det([[1,2,3][2,2,3][3,3,3]]) = 3
det([[1,2,3,4][2,2,3,4][3,3,3,4][4,4,4,4]]) = 4
3b) The pattern is (-1)n*n, where n is the number of
rows in the matrix.

121

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

4) Define

f ( x, y ) x y 2 x ln( x y )
2

To get the Hessian, use the command

det([[d (d ( f ( x, y ), x), x), d (d ( f ( x, y ), x), y )]

[d (d ( f ( x, y ), y ), x), d (d ( f ( x, y ), y ), y )]])
(the three dots indicate that this is entered on one line)
Answer:

f xx
f yx

f xy
2
2 2 1
f yy x y
122

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

5a) Store the information in the data editor as mile.
Using the calc menu, compute the linreg, cubicreg
and lnreg with x:c1, y:c2.
linreg : T .4190 * y 260.7218
cubicreg : T (5.0742 E 4) * y 3 .0791* y 2 3.4711 * y 201.9988
lnreg : T 343.7471 26.4370 * ln( y )

5b) Using the value command on the graph (or direct calc)
with y = 102 (for year 2002).
linreg : T (102) 217.981
cubicreg : T (102) 272.024
lnreg : T (102) 221.579

Best approximation
123

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

6)

1
x
deSolve y '

x, y
2
2
x
1

x
1

gives

y ln( x ) ln 1 x 2 1 1 x 2 c1

This cannot be true since the domain of this function

is empty. Look at the second terms domain.
Plot
1
2
y2 ( x) cosh (1 / x) 1 x
x : 0 1
y:0 5
124

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

7) Mean :

3 1 3 x
x x e , x,0, 2 / 3
1!

Variance :

3 1 3 x
2
x x e , x,0, 2 / 9
1!

Standard Deviation
2

2 /3

125

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

8)

x
1, z ,0,2 x , y,
,

2

x
x, z ,0,2 x , y,
,

2

x
y, z ,0,2 x , y,
,

2

x
z , z ,0,2 x , y,
,

2

So, center of mass is (-1/2,0,5/4)

4 x2
2

, x,2,2 12.5664

4 x 2
, x,2,2 6.28319

4 x 2
, x,2,2 0

4 x 2
, x,2,2 15.708

126

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

9)

rref ([[ ,61,12,25][18, ,7,10][3,4,1,4]])

gives

1 0 0 A
0 1 0 B

0 0 1 C

with

73 2278
A
p ( )
3(6 733)
B
p ( )
42 35 802
C
p ( )
p( ) 2 64 1515

czeros( ^2 64 1515, ) gives 32 491 i

So the solution is x = A, y = B, z = C if 32 491 i
127

Final Problem Set Solutions (cont)

10) In approximate mode, czeros( x 5 1, x)
gives 1 and

rr2 .8090 .5868 i, rr3 .8090 .5868 i

rr4 .30917 .9511 i, rr5 .30917 .9511 i

(Note, you cant use the system variables r2 to r5)

1

rr2 rr3 rr4 rr5

rr2 rr3 rr4 rr5

rr2 rr2 rr5

rr3 rr3

rr4 rr5 rr2

rr3 rr4

rr4 rr4 rr3 rr5 rr2

rr5 rr5 rr4 rr2

1
rr3

128