EMPHYSEM

(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease)

Presented by:
Uy, Marian
Velarde, Russel Arvin
Victoria, Caroline
Villamil, Sheeva
Villanueva, Micah
Munar, Jervyn Anne

DEFINITION
A pathologic term that
describes an abnormal
distention of the air spaces
beyond the terminal
bronchioles and destruction
of the walls of the alveoli
There is an impaired
oxygen and carbon dioxide
exchange results from
destruction of the walls of
over distended alveoli.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Use of accessory
muscles for breathing
Hyperinflation
Barrel chest
Chest is
hyperresonant on
percussion
Anorexia and Fatigue
Contribute to
weight loss
Nail clubbing

CAUSES
Cigarette Smoking
Exposure to air pollutants
Second hand Smoking
Genetic Factor --> Alpha 1antitrypsin deficiency

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
PFT (Pulmonary Function
Test)
a) Incentive Spirometry
- designed to mimic natural sighing or
yawning by encouraging the patient
to take long, slow, deep breaths.
- accomplished by using a device that
provides patients with visual or other
positive feedback when they inhale at
a predetermined flow rate or volume
and sustain the inflation for a
minimum of 3 seconds
- the objectives of this procedure are
to increase transpulmonary pressure
and inspiratory volumes, improve
inspiratory muscle perfor-mance,8
and re-establish or simulate the
normal pattern of pulmonary

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

PFT (Pulmonary Function

Test)
b.) Pulmonary Plethysmograp
- a test used to measure how much
air you can hold in your lungs
You will sit in a small, airtight
room known as a body box. You will
breathe or pant against a mouthpiece.
Clips will be put on your nose to shut
off your nostrils. Depending on the
information your doctor is looking for,
the mouthpiece may be open at first,
and then closed. You will be breathing
against the mouthpiece in both the
open and closed positions. As your
chest moves while you breathe or
pant, it changes the pressure and

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Chest X-ray

MANAGEMENT
1. Place on orthopneic
position or upright
position.
2. Breathing Exercises.
3. Chest Physiotherapy.
4. Spirometry
5. Appropriate exercise.
6. Oxygen Therapy.
7. Check ABG.
8. Maintenance of
adequate nutrition and
hydration.

MANAGEMENT
11. Surgery:
Lung Volume Reduction
Surgery
Lung
volume reduction
surgery (LVRS) is a
procedure which removes
approximately 20-35% of
the poorly functioning,
space occupying lung
tissue from each lung. By
reducing the lung size, the
remaining lung and
surrounding muscles
(intercostals and
diaphragm) are able to
work more efficiently. This

THE END