Composting Training for

the Municipality of
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
June 10-11, 2008

Lectured by: Forester Delia B. Agunoy

Introduction

R.A 9003 Mandate

@ Section 20 -diversion of 25% of the
solid wastes in the first 5 years thru
composting/recycling
Municipal Solid wastes

@ 50 to 60 % biodegradable

CompostingSection 32-There shall be establish MRF

in every brgy The MRF shall receive mixed
waste for final sorting , segregation and
composting

More than complies with the law

Article 5 Composting
@ Composting of Agricultural
wastes and other compostable
materials, including but not
limited to garden waste, shall be
encouraged.

Introduction

Our soil is sick

Almost all inland waters in the
country are biologically dying
Ground waters are
contaminated with pollutants
Rivers, creek are polluted with
solid wastes
Global and local air environs are
in bad state

Objectives

To discuss the basic principles,

procedures, control parameters,
and benefits/impact of
composting

To analyze and compare the

typical composting systems in
terms of advantage,
disadvantages and potential
users

Questions to be Answered

What is composting?
Why compost?
What to compost?
How to compost?
Where to compost?
What process to use?
What investments are required?

What is composting

Composting refers to the controlled

decomposition of organic matter by
microorganisms, mainly bacteria
and fungi, into a humus like
product.

Basic Principles of Composting

Decay of biologically
decompostable organic materials
that occur either naturally or under
controlled conditions.
Compost dark earthy-smelling
materials (humus);good soil
conditioner
Composting Agent -= fungi,
bacteria, molds and worms

What to Compost

Green matter- grass clippings,yard

trimmings, vegetable peelings, carrots
tops,fruit peeling, rotting fruits such as
oranges,rotted fruits, vegetables, weeds
Brown matter- leaves, nut shells, saw
dust, shredded or chipped woods, dead
flowers and plants, pine needles, straw.
Other- Manure of animals eggshells, tea
bags,
coffee grinds.

Benefits of Using Compost

Improves soil physical structure,

water holding capacity, soil
aeration.
Stimulates growth of root system
A good source of essential trace
elements
Controls soil pathogens
Reduces soil erosion and surface
run off
Increase quality and quantity of
crop yield.

Importance of Compost or Fertilizer

Compost is an organic fertilizer which provides

the right nutrients for the soil, and keeps both
vegetables and ornamental plants healthy.
It involves heavy work but it is cheaper to use
compost instead of commercial fertilizers
Improving the quality and texture of the soil in
the long run
Compost helps the soil absorb and hold water
supply for the plant.
Compost help bring about good air circulation
and enough oxygen.
Compost controls acid in soil and helps keep
plants healthy and resistant to disease and pest.

Process of Decomposition in
Composting

Soil content billions of

microorganism.
Most active micro-orgnism
bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi
1 grm. of soil may contain as
much as 1 billion bacteria.

Donts

Do not touch decomposing

materials or substrates.
Always use a garden tools such
as a fork or shovel to mix the
substrates.
Use rubber gloves or plastic to
cover your hands

Vermicompost Production

-is an environment friendly way of

recycling biodegradable materials in
the farms and household
Is an excellent soil enhancer and
bioactive fertilizer for organic farming
Can help protecting the environment;
promoting sustainable soil fertility
and generating livelihood
opportunities for rural families.

Kinds of Earthworms for

Vermicomposting

African night crawler-Eudrilus

eugeneiae
Red worm Lumbricus rubellus
Indian blue Perionyx excavatus

Vermicomposting process
Site Selection should be shaded (it
crawl from flooded area)
2. Sourcing of materials can come from
the garden, Farm waste, rice straw,
animal manures
3. Preparation of the Beds
@ fresh and dry can be use
@dry materials/manures can be vulverized
. @ shred materials for large scale
. @pig and cow manure can suffice C/N
ratio
1.

Mixture

For growing and fattening only

manure
Breeding 75% manure and 25%
sawdust
Compost vermicast 75% shredded
leaves and 25% nitrogen fixing
leaves. (kakawate, ipil ipil, rensoni
etc.)
Maintenance of 60% moisture
content

Windrows

1 x 1 meter (100 breeder for every sq. m)

Sack technology 50-100 breeder
earthworm.
No bottom lining
30 to 60 cm high
Before stocking the worm the prepared
materials are first decomposed in a
process known as anaerobic
decomposition
1 kg. of earthworm range from 1to 2
thousand pcs depend on the size.

3 method of separating the

worms

Pyramid pile hand picking

Use of mechanical sorter
Tranfer of worms to fresh bedslaid besides the one harvested

Benefits of Composting

Converts waste materials to soil

conditioner
Diverts organic waste away
from disposal
Complies with RA 9003

Procedure- Preparing and Making

Compost from Kitchen Waste

Materials:

Old basket/drum/kaing
Trash can with Biodegradable waste
Chopping board/bolo
Small amount of water
Activator
Plastic sheet-split at one side.
Activator

Procedure:
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

Separate the Biodegradable materials

(fruit, non edible parts of fish, meat and
vegetables, cut grasses, old news
papers and fallen leaves.
Chop the waste into small pieces
Put into the container (drum, kaing, pail,
paso etc.)
Sprinkle water into the substrates and
gently rotate the can to thoroughly mix
the contents.
Add activator and water every time
substrates are added to the pile.
Cover the can so the decomposing
matter will not attract flies and pests.
Dontt let the compositing pile dry up
Water helps speed decomposition.

8. If your composting basket is almost

full cover it with plastic
9. Leave the composting material
undisturb for 7-10 days.
10. After 10 days mix the substrates
with shovel. To ensure even
decomposition
11. Leave the composting heap for
another week. At the end of the
week, the composting heap is
ready for use.

Various Composting Methods

Photos by: Evelyn Villar-Sagun,

Ecogov 2

Bins- yero

Heap type

Sack technology
Dumaguete style

Backyard gardening

Waste NO MORE
WASTE NO
TIME

Uses:

Vermitea- a liquid extract of

vermicompost- use for foliar
application on ornamental plants. (2
liter of water 1 kg. of vermicast)
@can also use for spraying on the
plant leaves. And buds promote
germination of root growth by soaking
in the solution overnight.
Vermimeal processed earthworm
biomass excellent source of animal
protein for livestock and fish. Rich in
essential nutrients,
Vermicast use as organic fertilizer
@ 8-12 bags

ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATION

Vermicompost is a fungal free

organic fertilizer
Contain -8% nitrogen, 7%
phosphorous,1 % photash and
trace elements. Can use for
replacing chemical fertilizer

Conclusion
Solid waste management is everybodys
responsibility everyone is
accountable.
It takes the partnership and
commitment of both the local
government and the private sector to
mobilize the citizens
and to ensure the success and
sustainability of the ISWM Program
implementation in the LGU.

Maraming Salamat po