Trouble shooting of application issue

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Disclaimer
We have taken reasonable care in preparing this training material (the Material) and in collecting
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Akzo Nobel, 2009. All rights reserved

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Good Application = Good Performance

Assuming the specification is approved and confirmed

A final review of specification might be required

Following the application guidelines will ensure

optimum performance

Life expectancy will be achieved

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Paint mixing prior to application

Before mixing Part A & B should be heated.

Mechanical stirrer recommended for efficient mixing.

Mix Part A completely

Combine entire contents of Part B and mix thoroughly.

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Paint requirements for single leg

Guidance without the use of heater block or trace heated

lines
Individual components should be pre-heated
Base 35C
Curing Agent 30C
Mixed paint should be ~ 35-37C
The Paint lines should be insulated to maintain paint
temperature
Heater block or trace heated lines is another option for
low temperatures
Solvent (EC 71C) should be available for cleaning of
equipment in the event of any spray difficulties

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Paint requirements for plural component

Guidance without the use of heater block or trace heated

lines
Individual components should be pre-HEATED
Base ~ 35C
Curing Agent ~ 30C
Components should be HEATED in the tanks as directed
on TDS
The Paint lines should be insulated to maintain paint
temperature
Heater block or trace heated lines is another option for
low temperatures
Solvent (EC 71C) should be available for cleaning of
equipment in the event of any spray difficulties

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Additional Requirement for Plural

Feed

Equipment should be fully clean before using

Enviroline

DO NOT USE EQUIPMENT PREVIOUSLY USED

FOR URETHANES
Enviroline is highly reactive
Residual Isocyanate WILL react with the amines
from the Enviroline
This will cure within the equipment

Parts a and b should be heated to 35C and mixed

before putting into the twin feed hoppers

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Application Conditions

Steel temperature
Minimum ~10C
Maximum steel temperature: ~ 50C

Air condition
Relative humidity should be controlled
Reduced final system performance amine
bloom
Potential for reduced intercoat adhesion in
multicoat schemes

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Good VS Poor Stripe Coat application

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Stripe Coat Application

Mixed paint dispensed from

spray gun to complete striping
during spray process
Follow by brushing

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Pit Filling

The action of the pit filling is to force the

material into the pit removing all air pockets

This is carried out with a squeegee with SF

material before application of the scheme

This is best for open pitting

Use of a squeegee will not completely fill

omega pitting
These should be opened up by grinding or
repaired using welding

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Conventional
Omega

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Pit Filling

When using the spray-squeegee technique

Spray material
Squeegee the product over the pits
Allow to flow into pits for ~ 5 minutes
Spray the full coat over this area

This gives better cosmetic appearance and pit-filling

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Shutting Down

All equipment should be thoroughly flushed with

correct cleaning solvent
EC 71C for Enviroline
Other cleaners are not suitable and will not clean

Strip equipment down (if necessary) at the end of each

day and either:
Steep in solvent overnight
Pressure wash components to remove all paint
residues

If leaving paint in twin feed equipment allow to cool

under stirring before transport

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Coating defects
By understanding the causes of defects, we can
prevent many.
It is important to understand that many defects are
inter-related.

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Causes of Coating Defects

1) Poor Surface Preparation
Surface contamination
Surface profile

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Causes of Coating Defects

2) Poor Application
Mixing (1-pack & 2-pack)
Use of brush & roller (low dft per coat)
Use of spraying (low or high dft per coat)

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Causes of Coating Defects

3) Incompatible Paint Systems
eg 2-pack over 1-pack systems
4) Incorrect system for the environment
eg Anticorrosive or Antifouling performance needs
5) Poor Engineering Design
Inherent design defects (eg stitch welding)

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Specific Defects Surface Preparation

Blast Profile Effects
Profile too small gives poor key for adhesion
Profile too large means peaks may protrude
through the paint film as paint flows away from
peaks.

Steel Profile

Applied Coating

Paint barely covering high

peaks of blast profile.

Low film thickness of paint over steel with large blast profile

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Specific Defects - Application

Dry Spray
To coalescence and form a continuous film, paint
must still be fluid when it reaches the surface.
Target steel
(panel, ship etc)

Spray
Gun
Wet Paint merging
from spray tip.

Evapouration of solvent from

atomised droplets before they
can reach the surface..

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Specific Defects - Application

Sagging & Curtaining
Weight of paint on a surface is too much for the flow
properties of the paint to support, due to:a) Too high thickness applied.
b) Too much thinner added to the paint.
c) Not enough thixotropy for expected wft.
d) Temperature too low / solvent too slow.
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Specific Defects In-Service

Hot Surface Failure
Surface temperature of hot items is not always
known, so difficult to specify coatings.
Early failures include the following:a) Yellowing, browning, charring
b) Peeling (surface preparation?)
c) Rusting (low dft?)
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Specific Defects - Inherent

Chalking

Common for epoxies, as UV degradation of the resin at the surface

causes breakdown and the release of pigment particles.

It is a surface effect only, and not associated with a true failure.

However, surface dust must be washed off before applying further coats.

UV Light

UV Light
Long
Exposure

Most of the coating

is not affected
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The upper layer

is broken down
by UV light
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Specific Defects Various Causes

Blistering
Caused by: painting over moisture
painting over soluble salts
solvent entrapment
coating permeability to gas
excessive Cathodic Protection
painting over porous surfaces

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Specific Defects Various Causes

Corrosion
Remember :- Paint does not rust!
Caused by:

removal of coating by mechanical action.

low film thickness

poor surface preparation

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Specific Defects Various Causes

Cracking
Fracture of at least the topcoat of paint with ageing,
and occurs when the substrate and coating expand
and contract at different rates.
As paint films age, they become harder and less
flexible and so Something has to give.
Thin films tend to crack less than thick films.

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Specific Defects Various Causes

Cracking
Steel and
coating layers
expand and
contract at
different rates

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Many
temperatur
e cycles

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Specific Defects Various Causes

Cracking caused by
excessive dft due to
repeat applications over
many years

Cracking due to incompatible

system being applied over an
aged intact coating

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Specific Defects
Reporting only that there is much detachment does not
give much information - or help to provide a solution.
Consider Adhesive vs Cohesive
strengths

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Possible Causes of Detachment

a) Poor surface preparation or care on application.
b) Painting over poorly adhered paint.
c) Use of incompatible materials in a system.
d) Exceeded overcoating intervals.
e) Incorrect mixing for 2-packs.
f)

Application in unsuitable conditions.

g) Painting at excessive thickness.

h) Application beyond Pot-Life
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Coating Detachment Investigation

Coat #2
Coat #1
Steel
Flake Flake Detachment from Steel Substrate
Front Back
Due to surface contamination,
Left behind
application beyond pot-life etc
Flake Flake
Front Back
Left behind
Flake Flake
Front Back
Left behind

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Delamination
Due to surface contamination,
coating incompatibility etc
Cohesive failure
Weakness within a coat due to
solvent entrapment etc
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Update Enviroline application

Have done Enviroline application trial run with

GracoXM-70 plural application in BP Angola in Jurong
shipyard on 18/19 Aug 2010

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Update Enviroline application

During application of Enviroline 405HT

During application of Enviroline 376F-60

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Update Enviroline application

Spraybility was good but some drawback due to:
Spray stripe coat on difficult to access/inaccessible
areas (scallop holes, edges of stiffeners, welds, etc).
Short pot lives of the products (376F-60 in 25mins and
405HT in 45mins at 25deg.C) render difficulty during
stripe coating by brush.
Overcoating interval of maximum 6hrs is not sufficient

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EC230 application on seawater desalination

vessel in Nanjing Dec 2010

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Enviroline 124 application on pipe in Malaysia2013

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Learning experience from site application

Purely used air-hose for spraying equipment-not sharing with

blasting hose

Use a standalone compressor to ensure 100psi input, 80psi during

spray application

Pre-heat the individual component to 35deg.C

Both PTA & PTB required agitate when spray using plural
component

Circulate the mixed material back to the drum to achieve 40deg.C at

tip when using single airless spray

Strip coat by plural spray ,follow by brushing.

Heated tracing line or insulate the line

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End

Thanks You

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