Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Chockalingam
Assistant Professor
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
achockal@ece.iisc.ernet.in
http://ece.iisc.ernet.in/~achockal
Outline
Downlink
Spreading / Scrambling / Channelisation
Multiplexing and Channel Coding
Dr. A. Chockalingam
2G to 3G Evolution
EDGE
GSM
D
A
T
A
GPRS
WCDMA
IS-95A
I
S
9
9
IS-95B
IMT2000
cdma2000
UMTS NW Model
Non-access Stratum
(Protocols between UE and Core NW)
Access Stratum
Home
Network
Zu
USIM
Cu
Mobile
Equipment
User Equipment
Serving
Network
Access
Network
Uu
Iu
Access Network
PS/CS
Transit
Network
Yu
Core Network
Infrastructure
Stratum: Refers to a way of
grouping protocols handling activities
Dr. A. Chockalingam
UMTS NW Architecture
Uu
Iu
UTRAN
Iub
Node B
UE
RNS
RNC
CN
CN (CS Domain)
3G MSC
/ VLR
3G
GMSC
Node B
Registers
Iur
UE
HLR/AuC/EIR
RNS
Node B
(Home Network)
CN (PS Domain)
RNC
Node B
SGSN
GGSN
UE
Dr. A. Chockalingam
CDMA
Channel Spacing:
5 MHz
Chip Rate:
3.84 Mcps
Frame Length:
10 msec
Time Slots:
Spreading Factor:
4 to 512
Multi-rate:
Through Multi-code or
Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Interleaving:
Dr. A. Chockalingam
USER PLANE
L3
RRC
Control
User Plane
Radio Bearers
Signalling
Radio Bearers
PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2
(Radio Link Layer)
Logical Channels
MAC
Transport Channels
PHY
Dr. A. Chockalingam
L1
(Radio Physical Layer)
8
Physical Channels
Transmission media.
Two types of physical channels defined in L1; FDD and TDD.
FDD is characterized by frequency, code, I/Q phase
Follow a layered structure of radio frames and time slots
Transport Channels
Logical Channels
BS
RNC
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Physical Channels
Dr. A. Chockalingam
10
PCPCH
Preamble part
Message part
Dr. A. Chockalingam
11
Two types
Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH)
Both are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
Pilot bits (to enable channel estimation for coherent detection at BS)
Transmit power control (TPC) commands
Feedback Information (FBI)
used for CL transmit diversity and Site Selection Diversity
Transmission (SDTC)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
12
S1
DPDCH
(on I-Chl)
DPCCH
(on Q-Chl)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
S2
S3
S13
S14
13
DPDCH-1
Cd,1
Bd
Cd,3
Bd
DPDCH-3
I
I+jQ
DPDCH-2
Sdpch,n
Cd,2
Bd
Q
j
DPCCH-2
Cc
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Bc
Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore
Up to 6 DPDCHs in parallel
14
SF
15 Ks/s
15 Kb/s
256
150
10
30 Ks/s
30 Kb/s
128
300
20
60 Ks/s
60 Kb/s
64
600
40
120 Ks/s
120 Kb/s
32
1200
80
240 Ks/s
240 Kb/s
16
2400
160
480 Ks/s
480 Kb/s
4800
320
960 Ks/s
960 Kb/s
9600
640
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Bits/frame
Ndata
15
Orthogonal codes
Dr. A. Chockalingam
16
SF=2
SF=4
(1,1,1,1)
(1,1)
C(SF,k)
(1,1,-1,-1)
(1)
(1,-1)
(1,-1,1,-1)
(1,-1,-1,1)
17
18
Downlink
Scrambling codes
User separation
Cell separation
Channelisation
codes
19
Two Types
Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH)
Physical Common Packet CHannel (PCPCH)
carries RACH
Uses S-ALOHA technique with fast Acquisition Indication
Access slots (15 access slots per 2 frames)
RA transmission consists of
several 4096 chip preambles (uses 256 repetitions of 16 chips
signature sequence) and 1or 2 frame message
Preamble
Preamble
4096 Chips
Dr. A. Chockalingam
20
Random Access
UE
BS
Dr. A. Chockalingam
21
22
23
24
Dr. A. Chockalingam
25
TB
TTI
TB
TB
TTI
TTI
TB
DCH2
TB
TTI
Transport Format
Set (TFS)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
TB
TB
TB
TB
TTI
TTI
Transport Format
Combination Set
(TFCS)
26
Transport
Block
TFI
Transport Chl 2
Transport
Block
TFI
Transport
Block
This dotted line
represents the Iur interface
in case of NW side
Physical
Layer
Coding and
Multiplexing
TFCI
Physical
Control Chl
Physical
Data Chl
DPCCH (Q-Chl)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
DPDCH (I-Chl)
27
Transport Chl 2
Transport
Block & EI
Higher
Layer
Transport
Block & EI
TFI
Physical
Layer
Transport
Block & EI
TFI
EI: Error
Indication
Decoding and
Demultiplexing
TFCI
Decode
Physical
Control Chl
Physical
Data Chl
DPCCH (Q-Chl)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Transport
Block & EI
DPDCH (I-Chl)
28
Dr. A. Chockalingam
29
RAB1
RAB2
TF0v
0 x 81
0 x 103
TF1v
1 x 81
1 x 103
two other formats too (see Stds. Doc.)
RAB3
0 x 60 (e.g., silence)
1 x 60 (e.g, active voice)
30
Dr. A. Chockalingam
31
Data TrCH
TFC1:
TFC2:
TF0d
TF1d
TFC3:
TF2d
TFC4:
TF3d
TFC5:
TF4d
TFC6:
TFC7:
TFC8:
TFC9:
TFC10:
TF0d
TF1d
TF2d
TF3d
TF4d
Dr. A. Chockalingam
32
Dr. A. Chockalingam
33
CRC Attachment
CRC Attachment
TrBk Concatenation/
Code Block Segmentation
TrBk Concatenation/
Code Block Segmentation
Channel Coding
Channel Coding
1st Interleaving
1st Interleaving
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
TrCH-2
TrCH Multiplexing
CCTrCH
2nd interleaving
Dr. A. Chockalingam
PhCH#1
PhCH#2
34
CRC
add CRC to each transport block for error detection
CRC calculated on entire transport block
Size of CRC: 24, 16, 12, 8, 0 bits
what CRC size is used for each TrCH is signaled from
higher layers
Dr. A. Chockalingam
35
36
Channel Coding
Type of TrCH
Coding Scheme
Coding Rate
BCH
Convolutional
Coding
(constraint
length = 9)
1/2
PCH
RACH
DPCH, DCH,
DSCH, FACH
1/3, 1/2
Turbo Coding
1/3
37
1st Interleaving
block interleaver
among bits in a TTI
Dr. A. Chockalingam
38
Rate Matching
means that bits on a transport channel are repeated or
punctured to ensure that the total bit rate after TrCH
multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate
of the allocated dedicated physical channels
higher layers assign a rate-matching (semi-static)
attribute for each transport channel
this attribute is used to calculate the number of bits to
repeat or puncture, spreading factor, number of PhCHs
needed, rate matching pattern
Dr. A. Chockalingam
39
TrCH Multiplexing
every 10 msec, one radio frame from each TrCH is
delivered to the TrCH multiplexing
these radio frames are serially concatenated into a
coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH)
2nd Interleaving
among bits within a radio frame
Dr. A. Chockalingam
40
41
Guided Detection
Explicit blind detection used on Guiding TrCH
Guiding TrCH has the same TTI as the TrCH under
consideration
Dr. A. Chockalingam
42
Dr. A. Chockalingam
43
DPDCH
DPCCH
44
D/L DPCH
Time-multiplex of a D/L DPDCH and a D/L DPCCH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
45
DL Frame Structure
S1
S2
S3
S13
S14
TPC TFCI
DATA 2
Pilot
DPCCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
No. of bits in different DPDCH field (Npilot, Ntpc, Ntfci, Ndata1,
Ndata2) are given in tables
Which slot format to use is configured (and reconfigured) by
higher layers
Dr. A. Chockalingam
46
D/L Transmission
Multiple CCTrCHs
In case there are several CCTrCHs mapped to different
DPCHs transmitted to the same UE, different spreading
factors can be used on DPCHs
multiple CCTrCHs feature for future release
Dr. A. Chockalingam
47
SF
7.5 Ks/s
15 Kb/s
512
15 Ks/s
30 Kb/s
256
30 Ks/s
60 Kb/s
128
60 Ks/s
120 Kb/s
64
120 Ks/s
240 Kb/s
32
240 Ks/s
480 Kb/s
16
480 Ks/s
960 Kb/s
960 Ks/s
1920 Kb/s
Dr. A. Chockalingam
48
Secondary CPICH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
49
Dr. A. Chockalingam
51
D/L Spreading
I
DL Physical
Serial to
Channel data
Parallel
Conv.
I+jQ
Cd,SF,m
Sdl,n
Q
j
52
Scrambling Codes
Dr. A. Chockalingam
53
CRC Attachment
CRC Attachment
TrBk Concatenation/
Code Block Segmentation
TrBk Concatenation/
Code Block Segmentation
Channel Coding
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Rate Matching
1st Interleaving
1st Interleaving
TrCH-2
TrCH Multiplexing
CCTrCH
2nd interleaving
Dr. A. Chockalingam
PhCH#1
PhCH#2
54
Dr. A. Chockalingam
55
56
UE
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PDSCH
PCPCH
PRACH
BS
AICH
P-SCH
S-SCH
CSICH
CPICH
PICH
CD/CA-ICH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
57
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
Transport
Channels
RACH
DCH
CPCH
Physical
Channels
PRACH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
DPDCH
DPCCH
PCPCH
58
BCCH
PCCH
CTCH
CCCH
DCCH
Transport
Channels
BCH
PCH
FACH
DCH
DSCH
Physical
Channels
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PDSCH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
DTCH
59