G Huawei AMR Optimization Proposal 20070903 A 1.0

G-Huawei AMR
Optimization Proposal
V1.2.1 2007-06-12
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Contents
Page 4
Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR
Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR

Algorithm and Function
Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality
Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration

of AMR Network Optimization Parameters
Chapter 5 AMR Optimization and Maintenance

Strategy
All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007
Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR (1)

AMR overview
Adaptive multi rate (AMR) is a new speech coding technology that follows EFR, FR and HR. Its core
idea lies in automatic selection of an appropriate encoding/decoding algorithm and constant
adjustment of speech coding rate according to the changes in the quality of the uplink/downlink
signal. Different encoding/decoding algorithms may cause the speech code streams at different
rates. This technology can achieve the optimal balance between speech quality and system
capacity.
Adaptive Multi Rate

MOS
AMR
Codec1
Codec2
Codec3
BER
Page 5

AMR speech coding mode (rate)
Channel
Source Codec Bit Rate

12.2 kbit/s
The full-rate AMR supports eight types of

speech coding modes. The half-rate AMR
supports five types of speech coding modes.
10.2 kbit/s
7.95 kbit/s
TCH/AFS
AMR coding mode active set
7.40 kbit/s
6.70 kbit/s
5.90 kbit/s
Encoding mode active set (ACS) defines the

set of changed speech coding rates in
calling. This set includes one to four
encoding modes.
5.15 kbit/s
4.75 kbit/s
7.95 kbit/s (Not supported by
Huawei BTS)
7.40 kbit/s
TCH/AHS
6.70 kbit/s
5.90 kbit/s
5.15 kbit/s
4.75 kbit/s
Page 6

Principle for encoding mode adjustment
The basis for deciding the conversion of the speech coding modes is 13 thresholds
(THR_1-3) and hysteresis value (HYST1-3) corresponding to 14 coding modes Pp
(CODEC_MODE 1-4) in ACS.
Suppose the current encoding mode is CODEC_MODE_3, it is adjusted to
CODEC_MODE_4 when C/I is larger than (THR_3+HYST_3), and to
CODEC_MODE_2 when C/I is less than THR_2.
C/I
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)

THR_3
= THR_MX_Dn(4)
CODEC_MODE_3
CODEC_MODE_2
THR_2
= THR_MX_Dn(3)

CODEC_MODE_1
Page 7
THR_1
= THR_MX_Dn(2)
According to the rate

adjustment algorithm
of AMR, the actual
speech coding rate
can only be adjusted
level by level. So, the
encoding rate will not
change suddenly
because of the
sudden change of C/I.
Contents
Page 8



Strategy
Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR Algorithm

and Function (1)
Flowchart of AMR (speech version 3) call establishment
BSC receives the AMR
assignment request
delivered by MSC.
Does BSC
support AMR
call?
No
FR/EFR/
HR call
Yes
Does the carrier
allocated for this
call support AMR
call?
No
FR/EFR/
HR call
Yes
AMR call
Page 9
Relation between type of speech service

and speech version:
FR service: Full rate/speech version 1;
EFR service: Full rate/speech version2;
Full rate AMR: Full rate/speech version 3;
HR service: Half rate/speech version 1;
half-rate AMR: Half rate /speech version 3

and Function (2)
AMR handover (handover between full-rate AMR and half-rate AMR in a cell)
AMR handover is
needed according to
RQI decision
No
Trigger half rate

to change to full
rate
The current call

occupies full
rate
Yes
The channel
occupation ratio
is higher than the
traffic busy
threshold of
AMR.
No
Relation between RQI and C/I:
Yes
Trigger full rate
to change to half
rate
10
Page 10
AMR handover is implemented

through the intra-cell handover
procedure. If RQI is more than
the handover threshold from
TCHF to TCHH within the time of
P seconds in N seconds, an intracell handover instruction is
originated for handover from the
full-rate AMR channel to the halfrate AMR channel; if RQI is less
than the handover threshold from
TCHH to TCHF, an intra-cell
handover instruction is originated
for handover from the half-rate
AMR channel to the full-rate AMR
channel.
Trigger full rate

to change to half
rate
C/I 10log(RQI/16)

and Function (3)
AMR availability
A license must be obtained for the AMR function, and at present, the license of
BSC32V300R007C01 and BSC6000V900R001C01 is in the unit of TRX. The AMR
function requires strict version matching for the BSC host software, the FTC board
software (BSC32) and the BTS software:
Matching
Software
BSC host
software
BTS version
software
Support for AMR

G3BSC32V300R002C11 and the formal versions released later; BSC6000 V900R001C01
and the formal versions released later
BTS3X Macro BTS: G3BTS32V302R002C06SP01 and the formal versions released later;
Other types: Not support the versions released before April 15, 2005. For the support of
the formal versions released later, see the released documentation.
The BSC32 needs to use 14FTC boards: TC of FTC4.2 2005.04.18
TC
The BSC6000 supports multiple speech coding technologies like FR, EFR, HR and AMR
at the same time. You only need to select Speech version 3 in Speech Version in the
data configuration.
If BSC host software, FTC board software and BTS software version fail to meet the
matching requirements, such serious exceptions as failure of call establishment, no
speech after call connection, or failure of call handover might occur.
11
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and Function (4)
In case the BSC, FTC and BTS versions match, enable the AMR function in
the following steps:
To enable the AMR function, configure Allow full-rate speech decoding/encoding
algorithm and Half-rate speech decoding/encoding algorithm 3 in the MSC.
Configure the A/Abis/Um interface protocol phase flag as Phase II+.
Configure the A-interface circuit to support the AMR function. Configure the circuit
pool as 27.
Configure the carriers to support AMR.
Configure the AMR call processing parameters.
Configure the AMR power control parameter.
Configure the full-half handover data in the cell.
For details of data configuration, refer to AMR Function in the feature
description of BSC32. The feature description of BSC6000 is unavailable.
12
Page 12
AMR Function
Contents
13
Page 13



Strategy
Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality (1)

Influence of AMR on speech quality
According to the emulation result, when C/I is greater than 6, FR AMR can achieve
the highest speech quality and performance, followed by EFR, HR AMR and FR in
descending order. Therefore, AMR can effectively improve the network quality.
It must be particularly pointed out that HR AMR has the same speech quality and
performance as FR, but the occupied wireless bandwidth on the Um interface is only
half that of FR, so HR AMR can be used to ensure a good speech quality and expand
the system capacity effectively.
14
Page 14

Influence of AMR on network coverage
Network coverage performance of AMR
AMR coding has a good anti-interference capability. In the same frame erasure rate
(FER), AMR coding can support the lower carrier-to-interference ratio (C/l) relative to
non-AMR coding, so it has a better coverage performance. When the FER is not
higher than 5%, AMR has about 5 dB's gain in coverage performance compared
with FR.
AMR coverage bottleneck
The protocol of the 3GPP R4 version has a defect. That is, the robustness of the
AMR speech frame and the SACCH frame is not at the same level, and the protocol
only improves the robustness of the AMR speech frame but not the SACCH frame.
So, the actual coverage capability of AMR is decided by the coverage capability of
the SACCH channel.
In the actual application, you can set the wireless link failure counter (RLT) and
SACCH multiframe quantity to a large value, to increase the robustness of the
SACCH, thus improving the network coverage performance of AMR and reducing
the call drop rate.
15
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Influence of AMR on network capacity
AMR can improve the total spectrum bandwidth of the wireless system
"equivalently".
AMR can tolerate a lower C/I, so the number of cells in a single frequency reuse
cluster is smaller and the spectrum reuse is higher.
AMR can effectively reduce the wireless bandwidth for a single user.
The number of channels of the system can be doubled when the HR AMR mode is
used, but the speech quality will not be degraded apparently.
Through emulation, the system
capacity of EFR can be expanded
by 140% when the AMR penetration
rate (of the AMR calls to the total
calls) is 100%.
16
Page 16

Influence of AMR on KPI
Traffic volume
The AMR speech coding has a low requirement on the C/I ratio. It enables users to
make calls in some weak coverage areas where calling is impossible, thus lowering
the possibility of users' active hook-on, so AMR can improve the network traffic
volume.
Call drop rate
AMR only optimizes the performance of speech frames. In the weak coverage
areas, users do not actively hang up because the speech frames can be decoded
correctly; however, the SACCH frames cannot be decoded correctly, which results
in call drop due to timeout of the wireless link counter. So the application of AMR
may cause rising of the call drop rate.
Handover relevancy
AMR increases the width and depth of network coverage, but the C/I of these weak
coverage areas is low, which results in the poor receive quality in the measurement
report, thus triggering the poor quality handover, so deployment of AMR may cause
increased times of poor-quality handovers.
17
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Contents
18
Page 18



Strategy
Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration of

AMR Network Optimization Parameters (1)
At present, the default AMR configurations of the BSC32 and the BSC6000 host versions
differ greatly from the recommended configuration, so the following parameters should be
configured to avoid fluctuation of KPIs while making full use of the AMR function:
ACS and initial encoding mode
Rate adjustment threshold and hysteresis (full rate)
Rate adjustment threshold and hysteresis (half rate)
Wireless link counter (RLT) and SACCH multiframe number
AMR wireless channel management parameters
AMR handover parameters
AMR power control parameters
Note: In this chapter, BSC32 represents the BSC32V300R007C01 version and BSC6000
represents the BSC6000V900R001C01 version, unless otherwise specified.
19
Page 19

ACS and initial encoding mode
AMR encoding mode active set (ACS) should be selected according to the actual
wireless environments, but it is impossible to include all cases due to complexity of the
actual wireless environment and randomness of user behaviors. So one of the best and
poorest coding modes, and two encoding modes between them are selected. ACS and
initial encoding modes recommended for Huawei AMR are shown in the table below:
Parameter (BSC32&6000)
20
Proposed Value
ACS(F)
10010101
12.2 kbps, 7.40 kbps, 5.90 kbps, 4.75 kbps
Starting mode(F)
7.40 kbps
ACS(H)
00010101
7.40 kbps, 5.90 lbps,4.75 kbps
Starting mode(H)
4.75 kbps
Page 20

Rate adjustment threshold
and hysteresis (full rate)
The suggestion for
configuring the three rate
adjustment thresholds and
hysteresis corresponding to
the four rates in the active set
(ACS) of the full-rate AMR is
shown in the right table.
Relative to BTS, the receive
sensitivity and measurement
precision of the MS can be
poorer, so the downlink
hysteresis will be higher.
21
Page 21
Thrsh.
UL
Proposed Value
UL coding rate adj. th3(F)
25
12.5 dB
17
8.5 dB
12
6.0 dB
Hyst. UL
UL coding rate adj. hyst3(F)
0.5 dB
(FR)
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
DL coding rate adj. th3(F)
26
13.0 dB
18
9.0 dB
12
6.0 dB
DL coding rate adj. hyst3(F)
1.5 dB
1.5 dB
1.5 dB
(FR)
Thrsh.
DL
(FR)
Hysts.
DL
(FR)
Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration of AMR

Network Optimization Parameters (4)
Rate adjustment threshold
and hysteresis (half rate)
The suggestion for
configuring the two rate
adjustment thresholds and
hysteresis corresponding to
the three rates in the active
set (ACS) of the full-rate AMR
is shown in the right table.
Compared with the full rate,
the half rate requires a poorer
measurement precision, so the
hysteresis of the half rate is
higher.
22
Page 22
Proposed Value
Thrsh. UL
(HR)
28
14.0 dB
22
11.0 dB
0.5 dB
0.5 dB
Thrsh. DL
(HR)
33
16.5 dB
25
12.5 dB
Hysts. DL
(HR)
2.0 dB
1.5 dB
Hyst. UL
(HR)

RLT wireless link failure counter and SACCH multiframe number
To increase the robustness of the SACCH channel, to improve the network coverage
performance of AMR, and to lower the call drop rate, you can set the RLT and SACCH
multiframe number to large values in the actual application. The configuration of the
above values should follow the principles below:
The recommended value of FR/HR/EFR is 20.
The recommended value of FR AMR is 32.
The recommended value of HR AMR is 20.
The value of HR AMR and EFR should be configured the same. The value of FR
AMR should be 12 more than the EFR.
Note: At present, both BSC32V300R007C01 and BSC6000V900R001C01 do not support
splitting setup of the RLT timer for different speech encoding modes. To deploy the AMR
function, configure the RLT and SACCH multiframe number to 32.
23
Page 23

AMR wireless channel management parameters
On the precondition that Apply TCHH priority for AMR or AMR TCH/H Prior
Allowed is set to YES, TCHH is allocated to the calls that support AMR if the
occupation ratio of the current traffic channel is more than AMR TCH Traffic Thrsh.(%)
or the cell load grade is higher than AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold.
Parameter (BSC32)
Proposed Value
Apply TCHH priority for AMR
Yes
AMR TCH Traffic Thrsh.(%)
40
Parameter (BSC6000)
Proposed Value
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed
Yes
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold
In the BSC32C13 and earlier

versions, the AMR handover makes
no reference to the traffic busy
threshold. Since the
G3BSC32V300R006C01 version,
the handover from the full-rate AMR
to the half-rate AMR needs to make
reference to AMR TCH Traffic
Thrsh, but the handover from the
half-rate AMR to the full-rate AMR
does not.
Accordingly, the handover from the
full-rate AMR of BSC6000 to the
half-rate AMR must make reference
to AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load
Threshold.
24
Page 24

AMR handover parameters
AMR handover occurs between the full-rate AMR channel and the half-rate AMR
channel in cells, and the parameters involved are:
Parameter
Parameter
(BSC32)
(BSC6000)
Proposed
Value
Intracell HO Allowed
Intracell F-H HO Allowed
Yes
Intracell TCHF-TCHH handover statistics time (s)
Intracell F-H HO Stat Time(s)(s)
Intracell TCHF-TCHH handover lasting time (s)
Intracell F-H HO Last Time(s)
Handover threshold from TCHF to TCHH
F2H HO th
25
Handover threshold from TCHH to TCHF
H2F HO th
10
Penalty Time after HO Fail
Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO

Fails(s)
30
During the configuration of handover parameters, the two thresholds, AMR TCH Traffic
Thrsh. (%) or AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold, should be considered.
25
Page 25

AMR power control parameters
For AMR calls or non-AMR calls,
different power control thresholds
should be set. With these power control
parameters adjusted, AMR calls can be
transmitted at a lower power than nonAMR calls. The principles for setting are
as follows:
Set the upper/lower threshold for the
uplink/downlink signal strength to be
lower than the non-AMR call
Set the good/bad threshold for the
uplink/downlink signal quality to be
higher than the non-AMR call
Other AMR power control parameters
are kept consistent with the ordinary
power control parameters.
26
Page 26
Proposed Value
Parameter
(BSC32&6000)
Frequency
Hopping
Non frequency
hopping
UL RX_LEV Upper Thrsh. (AMR)
30
33
UL RX_LEV Lower Thrsh. (AMR)
20
23
DL RX_LEV Upper Thrsh. (AMR)
35
38
DL RX_LEV Lower Thrsh. (AMR)
25
28
UL Qual. Upper Thrsh. (AMR)
UL Qual. Lower Thrsh.(AMR)
DL Qual Upper Thrsh. (AMR)
DL Qual Lower Thrsh. (AMR)
In actual application, make appropriate adjustment on

the power control parameters of AMR while combining
the settings of the ordinary power control parameters.
Contents
27
Page 27



Strategy

Strategy (1)
Traffic statisticscalculation on AMR call proportion
In the traffic statistics of BSC6000V900R001C01 and BSC32V300R007C01, there is no
statistics of assignment requests for speech versions. The calling proportion of AMR
(Speech version 3) should be calculated according to the number of successful TCH
assignments of speech versions at full/half rate:
Sequence
Number
Performance Indexes
Number of successful TCH assignments in full-rate speech version 1 (excluding direct retry)
Number of successful assignments in full-rate speech version 2 (excluding direct retry)
Number of successful assignments in full-rate speech version 3 (excluding direct retry)
Number of successful TCH assignments in half-rate speech version 1 (excluding direct retry)
The half-rate speech version 2 does not exist actually, so the number of TCH
assignments (excluding direct retry) statistics item should always be 0.
28
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Strategy (2)
Trafficspeech quality monitoring
In carrier-level traffic statistics in the BSC32R007C01 version, the speech quality
monitoring traffic statistics is added, including
Speech quality VQI score:
A carrier-level traffic statistics item is added in the BSC to count the average score
of the short-time VQI of each carrier.
Statistics of frames at different rates of FR, HR and AMR
The BTS reports the number of measurement reports received at the FR, HR and
AMR in the extended measurement report. It can calculate the number of rate
frames used by FR, HR and AMR within a specific period of time.
Statistics of uplink/downlink power values of the TCH channel
The BTS counts the actual uplink/downlink power of the TCH channel. Thus, the
actual uplink/downlink power of each carrier can be calculated after summation of
all the channels of a carrier on the BSC.
The speech quality monitoring performance measurement has not been added in the
BSC6000V900R001C01 version.
29
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Strategy (3)
Drive testAMR-related data
Through the drive test using the software version later than TEMS 5.0, you can
observe the settings of cell AMR parameters, and the use of various rates in the AMR
call.
AMR-related data of the current cell
The proportion of rates used in the past 480 ms
30
Page 30
The
proporti
on of
rates
used in
this call
The
proportion
of rates
used in
the
current
cell

Strategy (4)
Assignment of signaling for AMR call
The Bearer Capabilities in the ABIS_SETUP signaling contains the channel
supporting capability of the MS.
31
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Strategy (5)
The A_ASSIGNMENT_REQUEST contains the channel requirements delivered by
the MSC.
32
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Strategy (6)
The ABIS_ASSIGNMENT_CMD contains the channel requirement delivered by the
BTS, that is, the type of speech version finally used by this call.
33
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Strategy (7)
The optimization principle for AMR and speech quality (SQI)

Both theory and practice testify that to maximally improve the speech quality index (SQI), the principle
below should be followed.
During the AMR call, the full-rate AMR is occupied to the largest extent (the actual congestion of
network should be considered)
During the AMR call, the highest rate coding mode in ACS is occupied to the largest extent (The drive
test shows that when the C/I is good enough, SQI is constantly 30 when the full rate AMR is 12.2
kbps; SQI is constantly 27 when the half rate AMR is 7.4 kbps. In the actual SQI optimization, the
AMR rate adjustment threshold and hysteresis should be appropriately adjusted through drive test
and on the basis of the AMR C/I of the network.
AMR handover follows the assignment procedure (AMR handover is an intra-cell handover.
Compared with following the handover procedure, following the assignment procedure causes less
loss of frames in handover and less influence on SQI)
Reduce the AMR handover and ordinary handover times (After each AMR handover, the encoding
rate will transiently change to the initial encoding rate. In most cases, C/I is good enough, and the
transient change after handover will cause a temporary fall of the SQI value. And you can raise the
initial encoding rate appropriately to reduce the impact of the AMR handover on SQI.)
34
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Thank
You
35
Page 35

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G-Huawei AMR

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality

Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration

Chapter 5 AMR Optimization and Maintenance

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR (1)

Adaptive Multi Rate

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR (2)

Source Codec Bit Rate

The full-rate AMR supports eight types of

AMR coding mode active set

Encoding mode active set (ACS) defines the

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR (3)

THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)

THR_1 + HYST_1 = THR_MX_Up(1)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

According to the rate

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality

Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration

Chapter 5 AMR Optimization and Maintenance

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR Algorithm

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Relation between type of speech service

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR Algorithm

Trigger half rate

The current call

Relation between RQI and C/I:

AMR handover is implemented

Trigger full rate

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR Algorithm

Support for AMR

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR Algorithm

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality

Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration

Chapter 5 AMR Optimization and Maintenance

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality (1)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality (2)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality (3)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality (4)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Chapter 1 Basic Principle of AMR

Chapter 2 Configuration of Huawei AMR

Chapter 3 Influence of AMR on Network Quality

Chapter 4 Recommendation on Configuration

Chapter 5 AMR Optimization and Maintenance

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007