151904 :

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

High Pressure Boilers &

Accessories
Prepared By
Prof. Jagdish S.Talpada
Assistant Professor,
Mechanical Engineering Department,
DJMIT, Mogar

LECTURE - 1

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Industrial Boilers

Steam generators
Closed vessels
made of steel and
used for generation of steam
vaporizing water
combustion of fuels
eg. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.
Steam used for producing power,for industrial
process work or for heating proposes.

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Requirements of a Perfect
Steam Boilers

Should be absolutely reliable,capable of producing

maximum steam at required pressure for minimum of
fuel consumption,with minimum attention and minimum
initial cost and operating cost.
Simple constructions
Quick starting from cold
Strong enough against temp. stress & strains
Well design combustion chamber
Less floor area, space & light weight
Best gauges,safety valves and other mountings
Easily accessible for inspection,cleaning and repairs
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

Classification of Steam
Boilers

Vertical or Horizontal
Stationary(Power plant,industrial,central heating and combined
power and heating boilers.),Portable,Locomotive or Marine
Internally Fired or Externally Fired (Lancashire and Locomotive
Boilers)
Solid,Liquid or Gas Fired
Fire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the hot gases are
inside the tubes
eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc) or Water
Tube: Contain a large number of small tubes through which water
circulates,the fire and hot gases being outside of the
tubes.eg.Babcock and Wilcox, Stirling and High pressure Boilers
etc.)

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Vertical Boilers

Used in small factories,small water supply

plants,cranes,excavators,winch engines in
mines and on sites of temporary nature such
as construction work etc.
Required minimum floor space,not required
elaborate foundations,and is portable.
Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due to large
wastage of fuel and less heating surface.
Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one to three
cross tubes), fire tubes and water tubes types.
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

Simple Cross tube vertical

boiler

consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding a cylindrical fire box.

heating surface is about 8-10 times the grate area.
50% efficiency

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Cochran Boiler

It is well design of a Vertical multitubular fire tube boiler

Improvement over the simple vertical boiler as it
provides greater heating surface.
Total heating surface area is about 10-25 times the
grate area
Efficiency 70-75%
Ranges from 1m dia.X2m high,evaporation 20kg/hr to
3m dia X6m high,evaporation 3000kg/hr.

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Cochran Boiler contd.

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

Lancashire Boiler

Is horizontal smoke tube boiler size range from

a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3m diaX10m long
Working pressure range are up to 20kgf/cm2
Ratio of heating surface to grate area is 24-30
Efficiency is about 56% without economizer
and 75% with economizer.
Similar to Cornish boiler,in Lancashire Boiler
two flue tubes but in Cornish boiler only one
flue tubes are there.
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

10

LECTURE - 2

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

11

Lancashire Boiler contd

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

12

Lancashire Boiler contd

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

13

Locomotive Boiler

Is an internally fired multitubular fire tube boiler

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

14

Babcock and Wilcox water

tube Boiler

Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and

larger sizes.
Three main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes
and furnace.

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

15

Stirling Boiler

Example of water tube boiler where bent tube are used

instead of straight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox
boiler

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

16

LECTURE - 3

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

17

High Pressure Boilers

Two types- Natural circulation & Forced circulation

Boilers

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

18

High Pressure Boilers

contd

La-Mont Boiler( Forced circulation Boiler)

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

19

Once-Through Forced
Circulation Boiler

Does not required a steam and water drum,saving in weight

Supercritical Pressure Boiler
Two types- Benson and Ramzin

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

20

Ramzin Boiler

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

21

Loeffler Boiler

Indirect heating is combined with forced circulation

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

22

Velox boiler

Fire tube forced circulation Boiler

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

23

LECTURE - 4

prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.

Talpada

24

Fire tubes Vs water tubes

Boilers

Fire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore more

flexible and can meet the sudden demand of steam without
much drop of pressure.
Fire tubes boiler is rigid and of simple mechanical
construction,so greater reliability and low in first cost.
Fire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore simple
to fabricate and transport, occupies less floor space but more
height.
Due to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so furnace
can be altered considerably to meet the fuel requirements.
Water tubes boilers are more readily accessible for
cleaning,inspection and repairs,compared to the fire tube
boilers.
Modern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due to
continuous increase in capacities and steam pressures.
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

25

Boiler Mountings and

Accessories

Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety

and control are knows as boiler mountings
Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the
efficiency of the boiler and help in the smooth working
of the plant are knows as boiler accessories.

Fittings which are essential from the

safety point of view are as follows,
Water level indicators
Safety valves
Combined high steam and low water safety valve
Fusible plug
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

26

Boiler Mountings and

Accessories contd.

Fittings which are essential from the

control point of view are as follows,
Pressure gauge
Junction or stop valve
Feed check valve
Blow-off cock
Man hole and Mud Box

The important accessories are

Superheater
Economiser
Air-preheater
Feed pump or injector
prepared by Prof. Jagdish S.
Talpada

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