Law Enforcement

Organization and
Administration
Chapter 1

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Modern Day
Law
Enforcement can
be traced to the
Metropolitan
Police in London,
England, created
in 1829.

Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution in England caused
a great surge of an uneducated and
poorly trained population to migrate to
London.
This surge led to an increase in crime,
chaos and poverty.
These problems led to a proliferation of
private and special police forces that
served the needs of the diverse
interest groups needing protection.

 British Home
Secretary Sir
Robert Peel
lobbied British
Parliament to from
a professional
organized police
force under
government
control.

Metropolitan Police Act

Outlined the first duty manual to
prevent crime and protect order.
Established a police constabulary
modeled into a para-military
organization with a military style
rank structure.

 Metropolitan Police
model was a success
and gradually
extended to all parts
of England and was
exported to America.
Key component was
local control

Traditional Management 1750 1900

Concept of local control
Each county or city having control of the
local police or sheriffs department

Department had Centralized

Administration
Control from top
Limited decision making at the
operational level

Pendleton Act
Attempt to limit political influence by the
creation of a Civil Service to hire and
promote personnel
Placed federal employees under a merit
system in an attempt to reduce political
interference

Scientific Management Model

1900 - Present
Scientific Management emphasis
on efficiency, orderliness, and
output.
Division of labor
Unity of Command and centralization of
decision making
One-way authority
Narrow span of control

REFORMERS

O. W. Wilson
Police Management
Principals
Professional police
department divorced
from politics
Rigorous police personnel
selection and training
process
Use of latest technology
innovations available for
law enforcement

O. W. Wilson
Opposed civil service because it
hampered police chiefs from
selecting most qualified personnel in
selection and promotion
Organized police around
Planning
Activating
Controlling

William H. Parker
LAPD Chief 1950 -1966
Implemented Scientific
Management in the LAPD
Instituted probationary
periods for new officers
Developed a method of
operation manual
Implemented a research and
development division
LAPD became model for
hiring standards,
recruitment, training, and
technology

HUMAN RELATIONS
MODEL
1925 TO PRESENT

 Participative Management
The Police Executive is a team leader
Manager is first among equals
People oriented humanistic approach
Manager defines limits in which decisions
can be made
Manager and the group jointly make
decisions with limits defined by
organizational constraints

Behavioral Management
1945 to Present

Systems Management
1960 to Present

Management By Objectives
Goal Orientated Philosophy and Attitude
Focus on results, less concerned for method
Program evaluation and review techniques
Manner of determining goal achievement
Planned programmed budgets
Better identification of expenditures
Tighter control of unit activities
Organizational development
Process of building a sound organizational
structure

Community Policing
Incorporates problem-solving
policing, which attempts to solve
specific crime problems in the
community

Proactive Police
Management
1980 to Present

Proactive Police
Management

Focus Of The Text

Objective of policing is crime prevention
Strong commitment to community
involvement
Modern Bureaucracy
Full Service Police Department with
multi-specialist teams
Full use of modern communication

 Modern budgeting and accounting

systems
Crisis Management Planning
Consultative Management
Data Driven Department with full use
of technology
Emphasis on Operational Utility

INNOVATORS

WILLIAM BRATTON
Instituted crime
control planning
program known as
COMPSTAT (computer
statistics) while he
was New York City
Police Commissioner

Lee P. Brown
Instituted
Neighborhood
Oriented Police
model in Houston,
Texas.
Oriented police
officer from
enforcer of
neighborhood beats
to problem solver.