Introduction to Control

valve
Chapter Two

What is A control valve!

Process plants consist of hundreds, or
even thousands, of control loops allnetwo
rked toget her to produce a product (Pow
er, Petro, Oil gas)
Each of these control loops is designed to
keep some important process variable
such as pressure, flow, level, temperatur
e, etc. within a required operating range t
o ensure the quality of the end product.

 Each of these loops receives and internally

creates disturbances that detrimentally affect the
process variable, and interaction from other loop
s in the network provides disturbances that influe
nce the processvariable.
To reduce the effect of these load disturbances,
sensors and transmitters collect information abou
t the process variable and its relationship to som
e desired set point. A controller then processes t
his information and decides what must be done t
o get the process variable back to where it shoul
d be after a load disturbance occurs. When all th
e measuring, comparing, and calculating are don
e, some type of final control element must imple
ment the strategy selected by the controller.

 The most common final control element in

the process control industries is the control v
alve
The control valve manipulates a flowing fluid,
such as gas, steam, water, or chemical
compounds, to compensate for the load distu
rbance and keep the regulated process varia
ble as close as possible to the desired set poi
nt.
The control valve assembly typically consists
of the valve body, the internal trim parts, an
actuator to provide the motive power to oper
ate the valve, and a variety of additional valv
e accessories, which can include positioners,
transducers, supply pressure regulators, ma
nual operators, snubbers, or limit switches.

Component of Control valve

Valve body
Actuator
Bonnet
Yoke
Positioner
Mounting bracket
Volume booster
Lock-up valve

CONTROL VALVE
CLASSIFICATION
SINGLE SEAT
GLOBE

LINEAR MOTION

GLOBE
DIAPHRAGM

ANGLE

DOUBLE SEAT
SPLIT BODY

3 WAY

GATE

CONTROL VALVE

ECCENTRIC PLUG

ROTARY MOTION

BUTTERFLY

BALL

ECCENTRIC
FULL
V-NOTCH

Linear Control Valve

Actuator Direct Type

Actuator Reverse Type

Valve body

Gate vale

Diaphragm valve

Linear Valve Features

TORTUOUS FLOW PATH
LOW RECOVERY
CAN THROTTLE SMALL
FLOW RATES
OFFERS VARIETY OF
SPECIAL TRIM DESIGNS
SUITED TO HIGHPRESSURE
APPLICATIONS
USUALLY FLANGED OR
THREADED
SEPARABLE BONNET

Linear Valve Features

Terminological of Sliding CV
Actuator Spring
Actuator Stem
Actuator Stem Extension
Actuator Stem Force
Angle Valve
Bonnet
Bellows Seal Bonnet
Bottom Flange
Bushing

Cage
Cylinder
Cylinder Closure Seal
Diaphragm
Diaphragm Actuator
Diaphragm Case
Diaphragm Plate
Direct Actuator
Extension Bonnet
Globe Valve
Packing Box

 Piston Type Actuator

Plug
Port
Reverse Actuator
Seal Bushing
Seat
Seat Load
Seat Ring
Spring Adjustor
Spring Seat

 Stem Connector
Trim
Trim, Soft-Seated
Upper Valve Body
Valve Body
Valve Body Assembly
Valve Plug
Valve Stem
Yoke

Rotary-Shaft Control
Valve

CONVENTIONA
L DISK
BUTTERFLY
VALVE

SEGMENTED BALL VALV

ECCENTRIC DISK VALVE

CONTOURED DISK BUT

Rotary Valve Features

STREAMLINED FLOW
PATH
HIGH RECOVERY
MORE CAPACITY
LESS PACKING WEAR
CAN HANDLE
SLURRY AND
ABRASIVES
FLANGELESS
INTEGRAL BONNET
HIGH RANGEABILITY

Rotary Valve Features

Terminological of Rotary CV
Actuator Lever
Ball, Full
Ball, Segmented
Ball, V-notch
Disk, Conventional
Disk, Dynamically Designed
Disk, Eccentric
Flangeless Valve

 Plug, Eccentric
Reverse Flow
Rotary-Shaft Control Valve
Seal Ring
Shaft
Standard Flow

Nominal Position of CV
Normally close (Air to open)
Normally open (Air to close)

Normally Closed Control

Valve

Normally Open Control

Valve

CV Fail position
Fail safe position
- Fail to close
- Fail to open
Fail to last position (Fail lock)
* Both Air fail and electrical fail

Control Valve "Fail-Safe"

Positions

CV in P&ID

Control valve symbol in P&ID