Chapter 5: Culture & Community

Dr. Bauer EDUC 202

Copyright 2001 by Al

Overview

Todays Multicultural Classrooms

Social Class Differences
Ethnic & Racial Differences
Women & Men: Differences in the
Classroom
Language Differences in the Classroom
Creating Culturally Compatible
Classrooms
Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every
Student

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Bringing it
All Together:
Teaching
Every Student

Concept Map for

Chapter 5

Creating
Culturally
Compatible
Classrooms
Language
Differences
In the
Classroom
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Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Todays
Multicultural
Classrooms

Culture
and
Community

Social Class
Differences

Women & Men:

Differences
in the
Classroom

Ethnic and Racial

Differences

Todays Multicultural Classroom

The Melting Pot
Cultural deficit model
Multicultural
education
alternatives
No best approach
The Banks Model
See Figure 5.1,
Woolfolk p. 158
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Banks Dimensions of Multicultural Education

Knowledge
Construction
Process

Content
Integration

Equity
Pedagogy

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Multicultural
Education

Empowering School
Culture &
Social Structure

Prejudice
Reduction

American Cultural Diversity

Culture defined
Group
membership
Cautions in
interpreting
cultural
differences
Teach individual
students, not
ethnicity!

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Social Class Differences

SES
Wealth, power, background,
prestige
Upper, middle, working, lower
Poor defined
See Table 5.1, Woolfolk p. 160, and
Figure 5.2, p. 161
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SES and Achievement

Positive correlation: SES &
achievement
Related influences:

Poor health care

Low expectations
Learned helplessness
Peer influences and resistance
cultures
Tracking
Childrearing styles
Home environment and resources

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Ethnic and Racial Differences

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Definitions
Ethnicity
Race
Minority
group

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The Changing Demographics:

Cultural Differences
Iceberg analogy

Cultural conflicts
Cultural compatibility

Ethnic & racial differences in

achievement
Working with families &
communities
See Family and Community
Partnerships, Woolfolk, p. 169
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Ethnic and Racial Differences

Discrimination
Brown court case
Prejudice
Authoritarian
personality
Stereotypes and
their effects
Combating
stereotypes
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Females & Males : Differences in

the Classroom

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Gender Role Identity

Differences between men & women

Gender versus sex
Androgynous
Gender schemas
Gender-role stereotyping
Gender bias in the curriculum
Sex discrimination in schools

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Sex Differences in Mental Abilities

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No overall IQ
difference
Girls show strength
in reading, writing,
language,
computation
Boys show strength
in mathematical,
mechanical, and
visual information
processing
Why the differences?

Eliminating Gender Bias

Check textbooks for gender bias
Watch for unintended biases in
your classroom practices
Check for equal opportunities for
both sexes in school activities
Use gender free language
Provide role models
See Guidelines, Woolfolk p. 179
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Language Differences

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Dialects

Language difference versus errors

Pronunciation differences
Dialects and teaching
Bilingualism
ESL
LEP

Bilingual education approaches

Transition
Maintain

Research on bilingual programs

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Bilingualism
Effective teaching
See Guidelines,
Woolfolk, p. 182
and Table 5.3, p.
185

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Creating Culturally
Compatible Classrooms

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Goals for Cultural Compatibility

Eliminate:
Racism
Sexism
Prejudice

Incorporate:
Equal educational opportunities
Culturally friendly teaching strategies
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Teaching Strategies
Socialization
Learning styles
Appropriate cautions

Sociolinguistics
Participation structures
Misunderstandings

Culturally relevant
pedagogy

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Focus on academic
success
Develop/maintain cultural
competence
Develop critical
consciousness

Application Question
How would you
lead a discussion
group that
Included
Caucasians,
African Americans,
Native Americans,
and Hispanics?
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Reflection Question
Compare and contrast teaching in an
inner city school in Chicago with a
school on a Navaho Indian
Reservation. How would you vary
your teaching strategies?

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Bringing It All Together:

Teaching Every Student

Know your students

Respect your students
Teach your students
See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 192

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Summary
Todays Multicultural Classrooms
Social Class Differences
Ethnic & Racial Differences
Women & Men: Differences in the
Classroom
Language Differences in the Classroom
Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms
Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every
Student
Copyright 2001 by Al

Review Questions
Distinguish between the melting
pot and multiculturalism.
What is multicultural education?
What is culture?
What is SES?
What is the relationship between
SES and school achievement?
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Review Questions
Distinguish between ethnicity and
race.
How can ethnicity affect school
performance?
Distinguish between prejudice,
discrimination, and stereotype threat.
What is gender-role identity?
How do gender-role identities develop?
Are there sex differences in cognitive
abilities?
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Review Questions
What are the origins of language
differences in the classroom?
What is bilingual education?
What are the elements of a culturally
compatible classroom?
What is culturally relevant pedagogy?
How can teachers create classrooms
in which all students can learn?
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End Chapter 5

Copyright 2001 by Al