MINERAL RECOURSES IN

PAKISTAN

Made by ;
Salman

How minerals are formed ????

??

By the cooling of hot magma .. ..

On the surface of Earth ..
Heat and pressure on the rock .. .
When volcanic rocks are broken down by wind and
water .. .

Mining Processes
Open cast mining .
Underground mining . .
1. Shaft mining
2. Adit mining

Open cast mining .

some mineral those lie on the surface of the
earth .. ..
e.g. Iron , like salt lie on the surface of the earth
..
The bearing rocks are stripped of by . . Power
shovels .. ..
Loaded in lorries and then .

Gold mine

Underground
mining.. .

Its done on the hills were minerals are

exposed .. ..
Adit is represented by horizontal ..
In the shaft mining it is represented by vertical
shafts ..
Expensive and more dangerous ..

Video on mining processes ..

.

Ventilation problems .. ..
Underground transport .. ..
Dangerous gases presented here .
Explosive and risk of poison ..
Flood problems . .

Highly priced mankind possessions .. ..

Most founds in ores . .
Gold and copper occurs in pure form .
These are blasted from surrounding rocks
.
Pure metals can be separated by heating
..
These are non-renewable , Although some can
be ...

Metallic minerals and there

uses;
Chromite

Hardness and electrical resistance to steel .

used for bridges and railway carriages.
Making engineering tools . .

Iron ore

Used to manufacture steels of various types.

Powdered iron: used in metallurgy products;
magnets; high-frequency cores; auto parts;

Copper

Used in building construction, electric and

electronic products (cables and wires, switches,
plumbing, heating); transportation equipment;
roofing; chemical and pharmaceutical machinery;

Magnesium

Used in making dry batteries , paints ..

Bauxite

Aluminum is obtained from it . tans ,

cans and many other .. .. Products

Non-metallic minerals
Coal

Brick kilns . ..in nuclear power stations and

mainly in the cooking items or for fire heating
.. ..

Natural
gas
Gypsum

Processed and used as prefabricated wallboard or an

industrial or building plaster; used in cement
manufacturing; agriculture and other uses . .

Marble

Used in making and the building of the chips of

flooring and in also the manufacturing of the
decorative pieces .

Sulfur

Used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, fertilizers,

petroleum refining; and metal mining.

Mining in Pakistan ;
There are few deposits of metallic minerals but
large .
The deposits found in Pakistan are mostly of ..
.
In spite of so much minerals it only contribute
0.5% .. .

Problems in the
mining sector ;

Financial constraints .. ..
Lack of technical knowledge .
Inaccessible mineral deposits . .
Low priority given .. ..
Institutional mismanagement .. ..
Non cooperative government . .
Lack of infrastructure facilities .
non- - encouragement of government ..

Measures taken by government

....
no . of investors .. .
Mineral development board on provincial . ..

Minerals deposits ;

Effects on environment ;

Vegetation .. .
Natural landscape deformed . ..
Rock blast and exploration .
Noise pollution .
Land pollution due to mining waste
Air pollution ..
Water pollution .
Deposit of land .. . due to floods

How to prevent environment

losses . ..