Topic 1.

1(a)

HUMAN BREATHING
MECHANISM
Mekanisma Pernafasan
Manusia
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Chapter 1 Respiration

Students should be able

to:

1. Identify the structure of the human

respiratory system.
2. Identify the structure of the lung.
3. Describe the process of inhalation and
exhalation.
4. Relate the changes of air pressure in the
thoracic cavity to inhalation and exhalation.
5. Describe the breathing mechanism.
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Chapter 1 Respiration

1.1a

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Chapter 1 Respiration

Human Respiratory
System
consists of
Lung
Ribs cage
Diaphragm
Intercostals muscles
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Chapter 1 Respiration

1. Breathing Organs

Include
Nasal cavity

Breathing channel
Lungs
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Chapter 1 Respiration

2. The Breathing
Channel
consists
of
Trachea

Bronchiole

Bronchus
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Chapter 1 Respiration

3. The Lungs

consists of

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Chapter 1 Respiration

The function of the nasal cavity

is to detect
warm
moisten
filter fine particles

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Chapter 1 Respiration

The trachea

a channel which
branches into two.
Each branch is called
bronchus which
enters the lungs.

Flows air into our

body through the
nose / mouth and
then into the
bronchiole.
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Chapter 1 Respiration

Alveolus

i. In the lungs, the

bronchus branches to
form many smaller
channels called
bronchiole.
ii. Each bronchiole
ends with an alveolus.
iii. Each alveolus has a
very thin wall which is
moist and contains a
network of blood
capillaries.
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Chapter 1 Respiration

Intercostals muscles

i. situated between the ribs.

ii. two types
A. internal intercostals muscles
B. external intercostals
muscles
ii. contract and relax to help
the breathing process.

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Chapter 1 Respiration

The ribs

protect the
lungs and
internal
organs.

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Chapter 1 Respiration

The diaphragm

piece of
muscles
situated
at the
bottom
of the
lungs.
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Chapter 1 Respiration

Air is inhaled through

nose inhales air and taken through
the
the trachea, bronchus, bronchiole and
finally to the alveolus.
Nose

Trachea
Bronchus

Alveolus
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Bronchiole
Chapter 1 Respiration

Nasal Cavity
Pharynx

Bronchiole

Structure of Human
Respiratory System

Epiglottis
Alveoli

Larynx

Trachea
Lungs
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Chapter 1 Respiration

Bronchi

Air passing over the mucous membrane

of the nasal cavity
is moistened,
1
warmed and filtered

Or throat is located where

2 the nose and
passage from
mouth come together

Is a flap of elastic tissue

that forms 3a lid over the
opening to
trachea Chapter 1 Respiration
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Or voice box is located between

The pharynx and the trachea.
Its contains two ligaments
4 that produce
the vocal cords
sound when air moves
through them

If one of lobe is injured or

disease, the order
lobes may
5
be able to function normally

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Chapter 1 Respiration

Inside the lungs, the

bronchi branch into
6
smaller tubes
called
the bronchioles

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Chapter 1 Respiration

At the ends of the bronchiole are

7
bunches of alveoli,
air sacs,
arranged like grapes on a stem

From the larynx, air enters the

8
Trachea or windpipe,
which
Leads toward the lung

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The
trachea divides into two
Chapter 1
Respiration
9
Tubes called bronchi

Review 1.1
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HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM

1.
1.Learning
LearningOutcomes
Outcomes
2.
2.Human
HumanRespiratory
RespiratorySystem
System
3.
3.Structure
Structureof
ofthe
theHuman
HumanRespiratory
RespiratorySystem
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4.
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