A PRESENTATION ON

Construction and demolition

waste

Presented by
SALMAN SIDDIQUE
PhD. Structural Engineering
(Roll No. 2014rce9046)

Construction industry in India

The construction industry in India is booming. Already at 10 per cent
of the GDP, it has been growing at an annual rate of 10 per cent over
the last 10 years as against the world average of 5.5 per cent per
annum. The built-up area is expected to swell almost five times from
21 billion sq ft in 2005 to approximately 104 billion sq ft by 2030.
Buildings are at the core of all our demands water, energy and
material but they also create waste. This waste, generated in the
construction, maintenance and disposal phases of a building, is
called construction and demolition (C&D) waste. This includes waste
from demolished structures, renovations in the real estate sector and
construction and repair of roads, flyovers, bridges, etc.

C&D waste generation in India:

gross underestimation?

The Union ministry of forests and environment(MoEF) has confessed there is no

systematic database on C&D waste. As per the estimates of Centre for Science
and Environment (CSE), since 2005, India has newly constructed 5.75 billion sq m
of additional floor space with almost one billion sq m in 2013 itself. If
(according to the Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council's,
or TIFAC's, thumb rule) a new construction generates 40-60 kg of C&D
waste per sq m, then taking an average of 50 kg per sq m, India must have
generated 50 million tonne(MT) of C&D waste in 2013. Over the last eight
years, it would have produced 287 MT of this waste. This estimate only accounts
for new construction.

Demolition and renovation/repair-related waste of the older stock

generates additional waste. The waste produced per sq m of demolition
is 10 times that generated during construction: as per TIFAC, 300-500 kg
of waste per sq m. If it is assumed that five per cent of the existing
building stock gets demolished and rebuilt completely annually, then
about 288 MT more of C&D waste would have been generated in 2013
alone because of demolitions.

TIFAC also says building repair produces 40-50 kg per sq m of waste.

Assuming that one-third of the existing building stock underwent some
sort of repair or renovation in 2013, India must have generated an
average of 193 MT of C&D waste just from repair and renovation in that
year.

Thus, the total C&D waste generated in India just by buildings in one
year 2013 amounts to a humungous 530 MT.

Small steps to make resource from

waste in India

Small steps in Delhi and Mumbai:

MCD-ILFS-IEISL initiative in Delhi: C&D waste is being recycled into

aggregates which are converted to Ready Mix Concrete, pavement
blocks, kerb stones and concrete bricks.

YUVA and CIDCO initiative in Navi Mumbai: This has recycled 1500
tonnes of C&D waste between 2002-06. But operations shut down as no
policy and market support.

IL&FS concrete recycling plant, Burari

Delhi

Recycled products from IL&FS plant

What is coming in the way?

No legal framework: Municipal Solid Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules 2000 only made a brief mention of C&D waste. But
Draft rules 2013 have omitted even this.

No standards for recycled products: The IS: 323-1970, Indian

standard specification related to aggregates for concrete state that
these should be naturally sourced.

Only virgin materials (sand, aggregate) mined directly from nature can
be used. This does not allow recycled or reused components. Any use of
recycled aggregate become illegal.

State construction agencies cannot include these material in

their Schedule of Rates

Methods being employed worldwide

to improve properties of RAC
Authors

Proposed methodology

Otsuki et al. (2003)

Double mixing method

Tam et al. (2005)

Two stage mixing approach

Corinaldesi et al. (2009)

Additions of fly ash or silica fume into concrete

to replace fine aggregate

Limbachiya et al. (2012)

10% silica fume was used as a partial

replacement of Portland cement

Kou et al. (2012)

Incorporation of 25-35% class F fly ash as well

as partial replacement of cement,
Incorporated different mineral admixtures such
as fly ash (FA) (35%), silica fume (10%), meta
kaolin (15%), GGBS (55%)

Elhakam et al. (2012)

Self-healing of RA,Modified two stage mixing

method, Addition of 10% silica fume as cement
replacement

References

Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G. Influence of mineral additions on the performance

of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials
2009;23:286976.

Elhakam AA, Mohamed AE, Awad E. Influence of self-healing, mixing method

and adding silica fume on mechanical properties of recycled aggregates
concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2012;35:4217.

Kou SC, Poon CS. Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared
with coarse recycled aggregate. Construction and Building Materials
2012;35:6976.

Limbachiya M, Meddah MS, Ouchagour Y. Performance of portland/silica

fume cement concrete produced with recycled concrete aggregate. ACI
Material Journal 2012;109(1):91100.

Otsuki N, Asce M, Miyazato S, Yodsudjai W. Influence of recycled aggregate

on interfacial transition zone, strength, chloride penetration and carbonation
of concrete. Journal of Materials and Civil Engineering 2003;15(5):44351.

Roshan S. S. Construction and Demolition waste An Overview of

Construction Industry in India. International Journal of Chemical,
Environmental & Biological Sciences (IJCEBS) 2013; 1(4).

Tam VWY, Gao XF, Tam CM. Microstructural analysis of recycled aggregate
concrete produced from two-stage mixing approach. Cement and Concrete
Research 2005;35(6):1195203.

Techno market survey on utilisation of waste from construction industry;

Technology information, forecasting and assessment council (TIFAC); Department
of science and technology, Government of India; Delhi.

Thomas, J., & Wilson, P. M. Construction waste management in India. American

Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2013; 2: 06-09

www.cseindia.org

www.ilfsenv.com

www.envfor.nic.in

Thank You