Destructive Examination &

Testing

Destructive Examination
Destructive Examination renders the weld
or material unfit for further service.

Common methods used in

Destructive Examination

Bend testing
Tensile testing
Impact testing
Hardness testing
Chemical analysis
Hydrostatic testing to destruction
Peel testing
Spark testing

Bend Testing
Bend test samples are referred to as
Test Coupons
The most common bend tests are

Guided face and root bend testing

Guided side bend testing
Longitudinal root and side bend testing
Fillet weld bend testing
Unguided bend testing

Bend Testing Sample Removal

Bend Testing Sample Preparation

Face Bend Testing

Root Bend Testing

Side Bend Testing

Longitudinal Face Bend Testing

Longitudinal Root Bend Testing

Fillet Bend Testing

Pipe Fillet Bend Testing

Tensile Strength Testing

Tensile is a test in which a prepared
sample is pulled until the sample breaks.
Test Measurements are recorded in PSI
(Pounds per Square Inch) E7018 = 70,000 PSI Tensile

Test samples called Tensile Bolts can

reveal a welds Tensile strength, Elastic
limit, Yield point, and Ductility.

Tensile Strength Testing

The Elastic Limit of metal is the stress (load)
it can withstand and still return to the original
length after the load is released.
Yield Strength occurs when the test sample
stretches however will not return to its
original length.
Ductility is the ability of a metal to stretch or
elongate before it breaks.

Tensile Testing Strength Graph

Impact Testing
An Impact tester uses a heavy pendulum
that is able to measure the amount of force
required to shear or fracture a test sample
taken from welds Heat Affected Zone
(HAZ)
Impact testing may be performed using
either the Izod or Charpy method. (Both
methods are similar)

Impact Testing
A Charpy or Izod test measures the welds
ability to withstand an Impact force.
Low Charpy test readings indicate brittle
weld metal
Higher Charpy readings indicate the
samples toughness.

Hardness testing
Hardness may be defined as the
resistance to permanent indentation.
Three common hardness measuring
tests are

Rockwell test
Scleroscope test
Brinell
Microhardness test

Hardness testing
The Rockwell testing machine operates
somewhat like a press, using a indenter to
penetrate the surface of the test sample.
The depth of the indentation determines the
materials hardness on a scale of 0-100

Hardness testing
The Sceleroscpoe testing machine measures
the amount bounce that a diamond tip
hammer rebounds off the test sample after
being dropped.
The Brinell method presses the indenter
into a sample for a given period of time.
The ability for the sample to resist
indentation determines hardness.

Hardness testing
Microhardness testers allow you to measure
a materials hardness while leaving the least
amount of damage possible on the metals
surface.
After the indenter is used a powerful
microscope is used to determine the the
amount of indentation into the components
surface.

Chemical Analysis
Chemical analysis is used in metallurgical
laboratories to determine the metals grain
and crystalline structures.
Samples are then place under a high power
microscope to view the results.
This is referred to as Metalography

Hydrostatic Testing to Destruction

Pressure testing or leak testing can be
performed with either gasses or liquids.
When this pressure exceeds the limitations
of the structures design it will rupture under
force.
This rupture will allow engineers to
understand the welds weakest areas.

Peel testing
Lap joints may be tested to destruction using
a Peel test.
Peel testing is most commonly used to check
the strength of resistance spot welds or stud
weld
Spot weld peel tests are considered
successful when the spot weld nugget is torn
out of the test sample pieces in tact.

Spark Testing
The shape and
characteristic of sparks
created when metal is
ground will help
determine its
properties.
IE: carbon steel , mild
steel.

Quiz time
Which of the following is a destructive
test ?
A: magnet particle
B: tensile testing
C: die penetrate testing
D: ultrasonic testing

Quiz time
The _______ type hardness test leaves the least
amount of damage on the metals surface.
A: Rockwell
B: Brinell
C: Scleroscope
D: Microhardness

Quiz time
When a metal stretches, but dose not break under a
certain load, this point is called the _________
Point.
A: yield
B: tensile
C: stretch
D: ultimate strength

Quiz time
Ductility is the ability of a metal to ________
before it breaks.
A: Bend
B: Stretch or elongate
C: Be forged
D: Be indented

Quiz time
A Charpy test measures a welds ability to
withstand _________ force.
A: Impact
B: Bending
C: Penetrating
D: Stretching

Quiz time
Hardness may be defined as the resistance to
__________?
Indentation

Modern Welding
York County School of Technology