Poisson vs exponential

If the event to happen in an interval follows

Poisson distribution, then the time to
happen that event can be modelled in
exponential distribution.
If the probability of 0 event happening in
an time interval t, i.e., P(0) in Poisson
distribution is same as inter-happening
time of more than t in an exponential
distribution.

Queuing Models
A flow of customers from infinite/finite
population towards service facility forms a
queue (waiting line )on account of lack of
capability to serve them all at a time .
Normally, the queue does not include the
customer being serviced .
The customers may be people, machines,
ships etc.

Terminologies
Arrival Rate: The rate at which, customers
arrive to be serviced ; is randomly distributed
according to Poisson distribution.
Mean value of arrival rate :
Service Rate :The rate at which one service
channel can perform the required customer
service ; service time is randomly distributed
according to exponential distribution .
Mean value of service rate :

Single Queue

Notations
E(m) : Average No of customers waiting in
the queue .
E(n) : Average No of customers in the
system .
E(v) : Average waiting time of a customer
in the queue .
E (w) : Average waiting time of a customer
in the system .
Pn
: probability that there are n customers in
the system

Classification
(a/b/c) ; (d,e)
a: Type of distribution for arrival
b : Type of distribution for service
c : No. of servers
d : capacity of the system
e : queue discipline

Size of Calling Population

Infinite :When the no. of arrivals on hand
at any given moment is just a small
portion of potential arrivals.
ex: Cars arriving at a highway tollbooth ;
shoppers arriving at a supermarket
Finite :When this is not the case .
ex:A shop with only 8 machines that
might breakdown and require service .

Pattern of Arrival

Customers either arrive at a service facility according to some known schedule (one
patient in every 15 minutes ).
Arrivals are random when they are independent of one another and their occurrence
can not be predicted exactly .
Frequently , in queuing problems , the number of arrivals /unit of time can be
estimated by probability distribution Poisson distribution .
For any given arrival rate , such as two customers/hour :
P(X)= (e - x ) / X! For X=0,1,2,3..
Where, P(X)= Prob. Of X arrivals
X = No. of arrivals /Unit time
= average arrival rate
If the average arrival rate is =2customers/hour
Prob. of 0 customers arriving in any random hour is about 13%
Prob. of 1
,,
27%
Prob of 2
,,
27%
Prob of 3
,,
18%
Prob of 4
,,
9% and so on .
Prob of 9 or more
,,
virtually nil .

Service Time Distribution

They may be constant or Random.
If the service time is constant , it takes same amount of
time to take care of each customer Automatic car wash
.
More often, service time is randomly distributed .
In many cases, it can be assumed that random service
times are negative exponential probability distribution .
Probability (Service time longer than X minutes)
=e -x for X 0
where, =Average No. served/minute .
For ex: when an average service time is 20 minutes ,
seldom if ever will a customer require more than 90
minutes in the service facility .