Selection of Tractor

SELECTION
OF
TRACTOR
AND
MATCHING IMPLEMENTS ?
Out line
How farmer can Select tractor and Matching
Implements?
How CFMTTI Test reports help him for proper
selection?
How farmer can select tractor

and
matching Implements
Selection of tractor?
INDIA- Probably the Largest manufacturer of

tractor in the world
More than 21 tractor Manufacturers
More than 170 models in the range of 10 to
75 PTO hp
Captain
John Deere India
Escort,
Field Marshal
Force motors
HMT Tractor
Indo Farm
Mahindra & Mahindra
Swaraj Mahindra
New Holland
Mahindra Gujarat
Preet Tractors
Same Deutz-Fahr
Angad Tractor
Sonalika International
Standard Tractors
TAFE, ,
Eicher Tractors
VST, Tractors
Present Tractor Selection Criteria

Large no. of manufacturers with different type
of marketing strategy has created a lot of
confusion among the farmers as to which
type of tractor and model is most suited to
him.
Also the tractor dealers, financer, relatives
influences the decision and choice of buyer.
Presently, no standardized procedure
adopted to select a tractor.
Mostly, farmers select the tractor without
considering the need of their own farm and
special feature of the tractor.
How to purchase a right tractor?
Primary criteria
Compute the suitable hp range of tractor
Secondary criteria
Selection of tractor within the known hp
range.
Selecting the size of tractor

Size of land holding
High horse power tractor may remains underutilized causing financial loss
Low horse power tractor may not be able to
work in time
Type of operation
For determining the horse power of the
tractor select the operation which is toughest
and time consuming
Horsepower
Brake
PTO
Drawbar
Max. PTO hp is the one most commonly used in

designating the size of tractor
PTO Performance test
PTO PERFORMANCE TEST

Speed, (rpm)
Fuel consumption
Power
(kW)
P.T.O.
Engine
(l/h)
(kg/h)
Specific,
(kg/ kWh)
Specific energy,
(kWh/l)
a) Maximum power - 2 hours test:

24.8
600
2200
8.38
7.01
0.283
2.96
24.1
600
2200
8.10
6.77
0.281
2.98*
b) Power at rated engine speed (2200 rpm):

24.8
600
2200
8.38
7.01
0.283
2.96
24.1
600
2200
8.10
6.77
0.281
2.98*
c) Power at standard power take-off speed (540 10 rpm):

23.8
540
1980
7.62
6.37
0.268
3.12
23.2
540
1980
7.38
6.17
0.266
3.14*
Selecting the size of tractor

Working time available
Soybean
Sowing
Harvesting
Wheat
Sowing
Harvesting
Critical time
10 July
25 Oct
30 Nov
30 March
25 Oct to 30 Nov
Calculating Critical time

Weather records
Break-downs
Festivals
Field Efficiency
Sample working days Chart

Precipitation, excessive deficient soil moisture may effect
field operations
Climatic region, slope of soil surface, soil type, drainage
characteristics ,operation to be performed and traction
devices are the important factor while calculating working
days available.
Month
Rainy Days/Field wet
Average Nos. of working

days
April
30
May
02
29
June
05
25
July
12
19
August
15
16
September
October
12
05
18
26
Draft, Recommended Speed And Field Efficiency for various

operations
Operations
Kg of draft per meter of

width
Typical
speed,Km/hr
Field
Efficiency,%
Ploughing (20cm deep)

Heavy clay soil
Clay loam
Silty loam
Sandy loam
1600
1400
1050
700
4.5
5.0
5.0
6.0
One way disc

Heavy draft
Medium draft
Light draft
600
450
300
6.0
6.0
6.0
80
Offset harrow
Heavy draft
Medium draft
Light draft
450
300
150
5.0
5.0
5.0
70
Seed drill
Heavy draft
Medium draft
Light draft
150
90
50
5.0
5.0
5.0
70
80
Theoretical field capacity (ha/hr) =
Area(ha.)
Time(hrs)
And
Theoretical field capacity (ha/hr)=
Speed(Km/hr)xWidth
10
Also
Effective field capacity = Theoretical field capacity x Field
Efficiency
Width of implement (m) =Theoretical field capacity (ha/hr)

x 10
Speed(Km/hr) x Field Efficiency
Calculating horsepower requirement

Drawbar horsepower = Speed(Km/hr) x draft (Kg)
270
Soil condition
Ratio of max PTO hp to

dbhp
Firm soil condition

Tilled soil condition
Soft soil condition
1.5:1.
1.8:1
2.1:1
Net Engine power

0.87 to
0.90
0.96 to 0.98
Transmission
0.90 to 0.92
Powertakeoff
0.75 to
0.81
0.94 to
0.96
0.85 to
0.89
0.86 to 0.89
Axle
0.92 to 0.93
Drawbar
Maximum mechanical power performance
Gross flywheel
0.92
Net flywheel
0.99
Transmission Input
0.83
0.90
0.90 to 0.92
Power take off
Tractor type
Tractive condition
Concrete
Firm
Tilled
Soft
2WD
0.87
0.72
0.67
0.55
MFWD
0.87
0.77
0.73
0.65
4WD
0.88
0.78
0.75
0.70
Track
0.88
0.82
0.80
0.78
Drawbar
TRACTORS:
TRACTOR MODEL
Tempo OX 25
Balwan 300
Bajaj Tempo OX 35
Balwan 400
Bajaj Tempo OX 45
Captain DI 2600 Mini
Eicher 242 NC
Eicher 312
Eicher 480
Eicher 485
Eicher 5660
Escort 435 (8+2)
Escort 430 (6+2)
Farmtrac 30 (Hero)
Farmtrac 35 (Champion)
Escort 440 (8+2)
Escort 450
Powertrac 455
Farmtrac 70
PTO
Power,
(Kw)
SFC
(g/kWh)
18.2
21.1
23.9
24.0
31.5
6.6
14.3
22.4
29.2
30.2
35.6
23.6
20.6
24.9
26.3
27.5
31.2
35.2
38.4
258
272
247
253
247
288
267
239
245
241
258
245
252
247
239
260
250
244
273
Power,
(Kw)
15.0
17.8
20.0
20.8
26.7
4.5
13.1
18.6
24.3
27.2
30.7
21.6
18.9
21.1
23.4
21.8
25.8
29.3
29.7
Drawbar test
Speed,
Gear
(kmph)
10.17
10.42
7.49
7.81
8.03
7.24
10.24
7.93
8.52
14.47
9.56
11.29
7.02
7.80
12.0
11.51
8.64
9.26
13.67
H2
H2
L4
H2
H1
H1
H2
L4
L4
H2
H1
Mahindra B 275 DI (High Torque )

Bhoomiputra, Sarpanch & New
Bhoomiputra)
25.5
257
21.3
8.46
Mahindra 255 DI
16.1
267
13.7
8.45
Mahindra 585 DI
Swaraj 722 Super
31.8
35.9
36.6
37.8
24.8
28.6
36.3
47.6
36.3
13.6
251
238
231
240
254
250
250
251
289
269
26.4
29.3
30.1
33.4
20.7
23.2
29.8
42.1
31.7
12.6
8.44
14.06
14.58
8.40
9.87
9.68
10.39
11.06
10.74
8.64
Swaraj 724 FE
16.5
255
13.6
6.07
Swaraj 733 FE
Swaraj 939 FE
Swaraj 735 FE
Swaraj 744 FE
21.5
24.7
24.8
30.4
263
268
251
255
17.4
20.5
20.0
26.8
10.70
12.33
12.2
10.03
H2
H2
H2
Swaraj 855 FE
34.3
245
28.5
10.74
H1
Mahindra Arjun 555 DI ULTRA1

Mahindra 595 DI Super
Turbo
Mahindra Arjun 605 DI
-ULTRA1
New Holland 3030
New Holland 3230
New Holland 3630 TX
New Holland 5630 TX
Preet 6049
L4
H2
H2
L4
H1
H1
H1
H1
H1
Sonalika
730
Sonalika
730 III
Sonalika
735 III
Sonalika
745 III
Sonalika
International DI
18.2
266
15.4
8.65
International DI
20.9
269
17.9
7.77
H1
International DI
25.4
258
22.4
8.62
H1
International DI
28.6
263
23.5
8.65
H1
International DI
28.9
264
25.5
10.08
33.5
255
26.2
10.78
39.4
254
32.5
10.31
H1
TAFE 2750 DI
17.5
253
16.8
14.60
H2
TAFE 30 DI (3
cylinder)
Massey Fergusson 1035 S
20.8
261
17.3
9.61
20.9
300
17.5
8.47
Massey Fergusson 1035
21.6
347
18.5
8.34
TAFE 4410 Samrat
28.8
232
23.7
10.70
TAFE MF 245
30.2
258
25.5
9.61
TAFE 5900 Gajraj
38.0
266
31.5
10.95
MF 375 ET
55.5
284
47.6
10.77
Trishul MT-625
6.4
303
5.3
7.43
750
Sonalika International DI
750 III
Sonalika International DI 60
H1
H1
H2
HMT 2522
16.1
266
13.1
6.66
H2
HMT 4022
27.4
259
23.4
8.45
HMT 4922
31.5
253
27.7
10.20
H2
HMT 6522
40.7
245
35.4
10.53
H2
HMT 7511
47.6
247
39.5
10.49
Indofarm 2030 DI
20.4
273
17.0
12.84
H2
Indofarm 2035 DI
23.5
267
20.6
9.71
H1
Indofarm 2040 DI
24.5
257
19.9
12.20
Indofarm 2050 DI
31.6
274
26.3
12.12
L&T John Deere

5103 Collarshift
24.4
266
18.7
9.23
B1
L&T John Deere 5203

SCollarshift
L&T John Deere 5310
Collarshift
32.5
238
23.7
9.68
B1
40.8
232
32.7
13.98
H1
Farmers buying behavior

Dependable Reliable and
durable
Less breakdown
Can sustain more overload
Longer overhaul period of aggregates
Less Initial, operating,

repair and maintenance cost
Less tractor price

Fuel Efficient
Less oil capacity
Less oil Consumption
Cheaper spares
Less maintenance
Performance
Power
Quality of Work output
Performance of Engine
Performance Of Transmission
Performance of hydraulic
Performance of other components
Suitability for different operation
ENGINE CONSIDERATIONS
When tractor engine power requirements have
been decided, the characteristics of engines are
also more important.
it is very important to understand how the engine
performance characteristics affect the tractors
overall performance.
Other than power level of the engine, the three
most significant characteristics of the engine to be
considered for better design of tractor are Torque back up
specific fuel consumption
Operating speed range
Torque Back-up (Lugging Ability)

On encountering an increase in load when working
already at maximum power the engine quite naturally
reduces speed.
It is important under these conditions that the engine
characteristics provide an increase in torque so that
the traction or PTO power may be maintained to
overcome the temporary increase in loading.
This is called as "Lugging Ability" or "Torque
backup" of the engine.
A torque backup of 10% is considered to be
minimum preferred value and is required for
agricultural use to ensure that the engine is capable
of continuing to work when the load is increased.
Engine Operating Speed Range

The term engine operating speed range
refers to the engine speed range between the
speed where full throttle peak torque occurs,
and maximum governed engine speed
Maximum engine performance is normally
available when engine speeds are maintained
within the engine operating speed range.
Tractors should be able to work between
rated speed to 50-55 percent of rated speed.
PTO performance characteristics(Natural Ambient)

Pow er at part throttle
Eq.CST at full throttle
Eq.CST at part throttle
28
140
24
120
20
100
16
80
12
60
40
20
0
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
Eq.crankshaft torque ( Nm )
Power ( kW )
Pow er at full throttle
2600
Speed (rpm)
30
Fuel Consumption
Lower Fuel consumption of an engine has
become somewhat increased interest due to
increased competition and legislated minimum
performance standards of tractors in India.
Although the SFC at maximum power is of more
interest to meet the standards, it should also be
of more interest to reduce the fuel consumption
at 85% of maximum power which often
represents perhaps the most typical operating
condition of the tractor engine.
Emission and Smoke level

Consideration to meet the emission levels
and smoke levels legislated by Central
Motor Vehicle Rules
Max. smoke density
-75 Hartridge
CO
- 5.5 g/kilo watt hours
HC+ NoX
PM
SFC at f ull throttle
SFC at part throttle
Hourly f uel consumption
Hourly consumption at part throttle
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
Ho u r ly fu e l co n s u m p tio n ( k g )
Sp e cific fu e l co n s u m p tio n
(g /k W h )
PTO performance characteristics(Natural Ambient)
0
2600
Engine speed ( rpm )

33
TRANSMISSION CONSIDERATIONS
Number of gears required (forward and

reverse)
Overall gear-ratio in each gear.
Type of transmission
o Type of transmission depends on the
field operation to which tractor is going to
be used much.
o For a tractor required for sustained
power field work, a mechanical
transmission will give greater efficiency
than a hydrostatic type.
o The hydrostatic transmission is useful
under circumstances in which there are
frequent changes of direction and speed.
For draft works such as plough, harrow, etc,
the number of gear ratios may be very limited,
say 6 to 12.
As the use of PTO powered machinery grows
in number, it is very important to have more
number of gear ratios.
A good gear selection has ground speeds at
rated engine speed increasing in steps of one
or two km/h for each gear with a few road
speed gears above 20 km/h.
Tractor gear ratios should be spread evenly over
the working range, with sufficient overlap
between each gear.
Normally, if an engine is capable of maintaining
from 80 to 100% of its rated engine speed, then
the transmission needs to provide ratios of 20%
between speeds.
Similarly, if an engine were capable of
maintaining full horsepower from 70 through
100% rated engine rpm, then a 30% drop in
ground speed would still allow full performance
to be achieved
Brand
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Model
255 DI
265 DI
B 275 DI High
Torque
595 Super turbo
Arjun 605 DI
Ultra1
T-390/802-99
T-241/562-1990
T-387/799-1999
T-492/968-2004
T-598/11002007
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
88.9/101.6
88.9/96
88.9/101.6
88.9/101.6
94/115
3.Displacement (cc)
1261
1788
1892
2523
3192
2550-2650
2300
2600
2100
2100
21.9
29.3
34.6
49.76
50.57
6. SFC (gm/PTO-Hp-hr)
196.37
193
189
169.9
189
7. Maximum Torque (kgfm) / rpm
6.99 /1404
10.20/1375
10.72
20.86/1144
19.68/1299
18.9
27.1
29
40.92
41.74
Water Cooled
Water cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry, single plate
Dry, Single plate
Mech, Dry Dual Disk
Dry Dual
Dry Dual
Test Report Number

Engine
1.No. of Cylinder
4.Rated rpm
5. PTO Power (Ps)
8. Drawbar Power (Ps)

9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
2. Gear box Type
3. Gear box Speed
Sliding cum
constant
mesh
Sliding cum
constant
mesh
Sliding cum constant

mesh
Sliding Cum
Constant
mesh
Constant
mesh
8+2
8+2
8+2
8+2
8+2
4. Forward speed (km/hr)

(max/min)
27.1/2.55
28.95/ 2.76
27.45/2.59
32.24/3.05
31.86/3.13
5. Reverse speed (km/hr)

(max/min)
11.29/3.87
12.13/ 4.13
11.45/3.93
13.54/4.62
13.62/4.79
Non independent
Non Independent
Non Independent
Independent
Independent
6. PTO Type
Brand
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Model
255 DI
265 DI
B 275 DI High
Torque
595 Super
turbo
Arjun 605 DI
Ultra1
RCB
RCB
RCB
RCB
Hydrostatic
Single
Single Drop arm
Single Drop
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Hydrostatic
Mech, Dry disk
Mech, Dry Disk
Mech, Dry Dual Disk
Mech, Dry Disc
Mech, Wet Disc
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
1145
939
959
1567.3
1487.76
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
1.96
1.5
3.25
2. Noise Level at operator ear (dBA)
95
99
96
95
92
3. Vibration at the seat (Micron)
50
44
60
50
130
9.4
18.1
16.1
5.7
5.94
7.11
Steering
1 Type
2. Drop arm
3. Mechanical/ Hydrostatic
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at hitch point
(Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance
1. Smoke Level (Bosch No.)
4. Back up torque (%)
14.9
5. Turning Diameter (meter)
5.76
Brand
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Mahindra
Model
255 DI
265 DI
B 275 DI High
Torque
595 Super turbo
Arjun 605 DI
Ultra1
1. Tractor Weight without ballasted

(Kgf)
1745
1735
1790
2120
2455
2. Weight Distribution front (Kgf)
635
650
710
820
945
3. Weight Distribution rear (Kgf)
1110
1085
1080
1300
1510
4. Diesel Tank capacity (lit)
50.3
52.6
50
56
65
5. Coolant capacity (lit)
6.9
9.75
6.5
11.4
6. Engine Oil capacity (lit) / drain

duration
4.45 / 200
4.32/ 120
4.5/200
9/250
7.5/300
7. (Transmission + Hydraulic) Oil

capacity / drain duration
33 / 1000
20/ 900
31/1000
1. Provision of Coolant Recovery

tank
2. Provision of Oil Cooler
General Information & Capacity
(28+9.7) /
(500/1000)
40/1200
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Dry Type
Air Cleaner,
Turbocharger
Provided,
Separate
Hydraulic
Reservoir
Dry Type Air

Cleaner,
CR PTO,
Front
Axle
Mounting
Bracket
Brand
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Tempo
Model
242 NC
312 NC
368
485
Ox- 35
T-342/733-97
T-346/ 675-1995
T-395/809-2000
T-454/905
T-369/774-99
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
115/150
100/114
100/125
100/125
90.9/100
3.Displacement (cc)
1557
1790
2945
2945
1947
1620-1685
2150
2120-2180
2100
2200
20.1
27.5
34
41.06
32.5
196.37
190
183
177.25
182
8.2/1155
9.84/1204
13.51/1244
16.87/1300
11.59/1256
17.94
25.42
28
36.98
27.2
Air cooled
Air cooled
Air Cooled
Air Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Sliding Mesh
Sliding Cum Constant

Mesh
Sliding Cum
Constant
Synchromesh
8+2
8+2
8+2
8+2
8+4

(max/min)
25.33/2.31
26.32/3.61
27.06/2.70
28.73/3.92
28.98/2.06

(max/min)
3.62/11.38
10.73/3.61
11.65/3.92
11.67/3.92
14.50/3.60
6. PTO Type
Non-Independent
Non-Independent
Non-Independent
Non- Independent
Non-Independent
7. Final Drive
Hub
hub
hub
Hub
Epicycle
Test Report Number

Engine
1.No. of Cylinder
4.Rated rpm
5. PTO Power (Ps)
7. Maximum Torque (kgf-m) /
rpm
9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
2. Gear box Type
3. Gear box Speed
Sliding Cum
Constant Mesh
Brand
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Tempo
Model
242 NC
312 NC
368
485
Ox- 35
Warm & roller
Warm & roller
Warm & Roller
Warm & Roller
RCB
Single
Single
Single
Single Drop
Single
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mech, Dry
Disc
Mech, Dry Disc

Type
Mech, Disc Type
Mech, Dry Disc
Mech, Oil Immersed

Multi-Disc
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Non-Live ADDC
897
664
1149
1612.17
1394
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
1. Smoke Level (Bosch

No.)
1.7
2.2
1.4
2.2
3.64
2. Noise Level at
operator ear (dBA)
101
102
97
98
97
3. Vibration at the seat

(Micron)
190
240
190
110
75
13.9
9.3
18.3
23.5
9.3
5. Turning Diameter
(meter)
5.6
5.75
6.78
6.4
6.5
Steering
1. Type
2. Drop arm
3. Mechanical/
Hydrostatic
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at
hitch point (Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance
Brand
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Eicher
Tempo
Model
242 NC
312 NC
368
485
Ox- 35
1. Tractor Weight without

ballasted (Kgf)
1750
1735
1820
2045
1835
2. Weight Distribution front

(Kgf)
680
660
720
710
720
3. Weight Distribution rear

(Kgf)
1070
1075
1100
1335
1115
35.5
37.7
48
49.5
61
General Information &

Capacity
6. Engine Oil capacity (lit) /

drain duration
5/200
6.5/120
9/200
9/200
4.4/250
7. (Transmission +
Hydraulic) Oil
capacity / drain
duration
14/800
10.5/750
13/800
(41.5+11.3)/1000
27/1000
1. Provision of Coolant
Recovery tank
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Epicycle Final
Drive
Brand
HMT
HMT
HMT
Escort
Escort
Model
2522
3522
5911
440XL
335 Josh
T-402/822-00
T-296/660
T-251/585-1991
T-394/807-2000
T-575/1070
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
95/100
95/110
100/110
105/105
102/120
3.Displacement (cc)
1558
2340
3456
2727
1960
4.Rated rpm
2100
2100
2200
2200
2100
5. PTO Power (Ps)
21.2
30.6
50.6
39.7
28.3
205.2
187
194
186
201.5
8.56/1200
12.6/1242
18.07/1738
14.9/1164
11/1300
18.35
25.3
46
31.8
23.38
Water cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Dual
Dry Dual
Mech, Wet Disc
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Test Report Number

Engine
1.No. of Cylinder
7. Maximum Torque (kgf-m) / rpm

9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
Sliding Cum
Constant Mesh
Sliding Cum
Constant
Mesh
Sliding Cum Constant With

Epicycle Reduction For
High-Low
Sliding Mesh
Constant Mesh
10+2
8+2
10+2
8+2
8+2

(max/min)
17.03/0.81
28.14/1.93
34.42/2.20
27.96/2.40
27.99/2.54

(max/min)
4.70/1.15
12.66/3.68
13.01/3.84
13.20/3.26
10.3/3.32
6. PTO Type
Independent
Independent
Fully Independent
Non-Independent
Non-Independent
7. Final Drive
hub
hub
Hub
Hub
Hub
2. Gear box Type

3. Gear box Speed
Brand
HMT
HMT
HMT
Escort
Escort
Model
2522
3522
5911
440XL
335 Josh
RCB
Warm & Roller
RCB
RCB
RCB
Single
Single
Single Drop
Double Drop
Double Drop
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mech, Internal
Expanding
shoe type
Mech, Internal
Expanding
Shoe
Hydraulic Shoe
Type
Mech, Dry
Disc
Mech, Dry Disc
Non-Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Non-Live ADDC
Non-Live
ADDC
Live ADDC
545.63
1112
2134
1227
1395
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Lower Link

No.)
2.3
3.3
2. Noise Level at
operator ear
(dBA)
98
96
104
97
97

(Micron)
160
95
51
75
220
18
23.1
6.9
15.1
18.4
5.95
6.05
6.59
6.26
5.65
Steering
1. Type
2. Drop arm
3. Mechanical/
Hydrostatic
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at
hitch point (Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performances
5. Turning Diameter
(meter)
Brand
HMT
HMT
HMT
Escort
Escort
Model
2522
3522
5911
440XL
335 Josh

ballasted (Kgf)
1460
1900
2370
2005
1765
2. Weight Distribution
front (Kgf)
540
700
840
730
710

(Kgf)
920
1200
1530
1275
1055
39.5
40
79.5
43.8
41.8
7.9
11.5
8.7
5.6
5/175
6.5/125
11.5/175
7.7/250
6/250
15/1000
16.5/1000
23.5/1000
41/850
26.5/600
Recovery tank

Capacity

drain duration
7. (Transmission +
Hydraulic) Oil
capacity / drain
duration
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Ground PTO
Brand
Swaraj
Swaraj
Swaraj
Farmtrac
Farmtrac
Model
724 FE
733 FE
735 FE
30 Hero
35Champion
Test Report Number
T-413/840-01
T-368/773-98
T-383/792-99
T-472/937
T-483/955
1.No. of Cylinder
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
100/110
110/116
100/110
91/110
91/110
3.Displacement (cc)
1728
2204
2592
2150
2146
4.Rated rpm
2000
2000
2000
2200
2200
5. PTO Power (Ps)
22.1
28.6
32.3
33.85
35.75
197
199
188
181.66
175.78
7.89/1350
12.2/1298
13.54/1400
12.98/1051
13.68/1210
18.4
27.73
27.5
26.64
31.81
9. Cooling System
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water
Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Mech, Dry Dual Disc
Dry Single
Plate
Dry Single Plate
2. Gear box Type
Sliding Mesh
Sliding Mesh With

Epicycle Gear
Reduction for
High-Low
Constant
Mesh
Constant Mesh
3. Gear box Speed
6+2
6+2
6+2
8+2
8+2
25.33/2.31
25.14/2.30
25.21/2.32
29.23/2.74
29.26/2.74

(max/min)
11.38/2.89
11.30/2.88
11.41/2.90
14.09/3.94
14.11/3.95
6. PTO Type
Non-Independent
Non-Independent
Non independent
Non
Independent
Non Independent
Engine
rpm
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
(max/min)
Steering
1. Type
Warm & Roller
Warm & Roller
RCB
RCB
RCB
Single
Single
Single
Double Drop
Double Drop
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mech, Dry Disc
Mech. Dry Disc

Brake
Mesh, dry
dual
disk
Mech, Dry
Disk
Mech, Dry disc
Non-Live ADDC
Non-Live ADDC
Non-Live
ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
947
986
1025
1101.29
1093.13
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
2.44
4.52
1.64
2.5
2. Noise Level at operator ear

(dBA)
96
99
97
94
95
58
100
34
28
30
13.7
19.5
17.4
15.2
17.7
5.62
5.7
5.94
2. Drop arm
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at hitch point

(Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance
5.76
Brand
Swaraj
Swaraj
Swaraj
Farmtrac
Farmtrac
Model
724 FE
733 FE
735 FE
30 Hero
35Champion
1. Tractor Weight without ballasted (Kgf)
1730
1750
1785
1860
1885
655
650
675
710
700
1075
1100
1110
1150
1185
43.2
42.9
44.7
50
50
7.5
6.3
7.4
7.6

duration
6.48/250
5/250
7.7/250
6/300
6.2/300

45.5/1600
47/1600
47/1600
12/1200
11.80/1200
1. Provision of Coolant Recovery tank
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Brand
Tafe
Tafe
Tafe
MF
Sonalika
Model
25 DI
MF 1035 DI
MF-241 Planetary
Drive
5245 DI MAHAN
International DI-732
T-253/587-1991
T-315/690-1995
T-680/1186/2009
T-464/921-2003
T-400/820-2000
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
91.4/127
88.9/127
91.44
91.4/127
88.9/96
3.Displacement (cc)
1670
2365
2500
2500
1788
4.Rated rpm
2000
2000
2000
2250
2250
5. PTO Power (Ps)
21.7
33.9
38.74
41.87
26.6
189
179
179.46
179.46
217
8.45/1433
13.6/1350
15.38/1408
9.16/1553
20.9
29.6
33.9
36.98
22.7
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate
Dry Diaphragm
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single Plate

With Epicyclic
Reduction
Sliding Cum
Constant

With Epicycle
Gear Reduction
Sliding Mesh With

Epicycle Gear
Reduction for
High-Low
Sliding Cum
Constant
6+2
6+2
8+2
8+2
6+2

(max/min)
23.21/2.16
24.44/2.27
29.50/2.23
35.64/2.70
28.58/2.43

(max/min)
11.76/2.94
12.38/3.10
12.21/3.04
14.71/3.68
11.94/3.04
6. PTO Type
Non-Independent
Independent
Independent
Independent
Non-Independent
7. Final Drive
Hub
Hub
Epicycle
Floating , Not
Straddle
Hub
Test Report Number

Engine
1.No. of Cylinder

rpm
9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
2. Gear box Type
3. Gear box Speed
Brand
Tafe
Tafe
Tafe
MF
Somalia
Model
25 DI
MF 1035 DI
MF-241 Planetary
Drive
5245 DI MAHAN
Ribs
RCB
RCB
RCB
Warm & Screw
Double Drop
Double Drop
Steering
1. Type
2. Drop arm
Double Drop
3. Mechanical/
Hydrostatic
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mech, Dry Dual

Disc
Mechanical Dry
Disc
Mechanical Wet
Disc
Mech, Internal Expanding

Disc
Mech, Dry Disc
Live ADDC
live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Non-Live ADDC
1006
883
996.2
900.4
1014
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Top link
Top Link

No.)
0.6
2.3
2. Noise Level at operator

ear (dBA)
94
95
95
99
98

(Micron)
65
340
75
75
45
8.33
8.2
10.2
15.2
7.67
5. Turning Diameter
(meter)
5.16
5.6
5.35
6.58
6.26
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at hitch
point (Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance
4.28
Brand
Tafe
Tafe
Tafe
MF
Somalia
Model
25 DI
MF 1035 DI
MF-241
Planetary Drive
5245 DI MAHAN

ballasted (Kgf)
1510
1635
1940
1990
1925
2. Weight Distribution front

(Kgf)
615
620
740
770
805

(Kgf)
895
1015
1200
1220
1120
32
31.1
44.25
45.4
41.5
8.3
5.4
10.25
10.6
7.5

drain duration
4.55/200
6/200
6.7/200
6.5/200
6/250
7. (Transmission + Hydraulic)
Oil capacity / drain
duration
27.75/750
26/750
28/1000
32/750
49/1800
Recovery tank

Capacity
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Spark Arresting Device

Provision
Brand
L & T JD
Model
5103 (Collar shift )
Test Report Number
John deer
L&T John deer

5310 Collar shift
T-422/854-2001
T-678/1179-2009
T-391/803-1999
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
106.5/110
106.5/110
106.5/110
3.Displacement (cc)
2900
2940
2900
4.Rated rpm
2300
2300
2400
5. PTO Power (Ps)
33.2
32.76
50.8
196
197
179
14.2/1369
13.50/1201
18.15/1346
25.4
26.24
43.2
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Dual
Dry Single Plate
Dry Dual
Collar Shift With Epicycle Reduction
Constant Mesh
Collar Shift
8+4
8+4
9+3
4. Forward speed (km/hr) (max/min)
28.34/2.86
33.86/3.22
31.69/2.25
5. Reverse speed (km/hr) (max/min)
9.69/3.42
15.09/4.27
24.52/3.78
6. PTO Type
Independent
Independent
Fully-Independent
7. Final Drive
Epicycle
Epicycle
Epicycle
Engine
1.No. of Cylinder

9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
2. Gear box Type
3. Gear box Speed
Brand
L & T JD
Model
John deer
L&T John deer
5310 Collar shift
Steering
1. Type
Hydrostatic
Hydraulic
Hydrostatic
Hydrostatic
Hydraulic
Hydrostatic
Mech, Wet Disc
Mech, Oil Disc
Hydraulic Wet Disc
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
1446
1249.15
2019
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
1.4
0.16
2.36
95
95
99
65
80
70
2. Drop arm
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at hitch point (Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance

18.51
5.6
5.8
6.6
Brand
L & T JD
Model
John deer
L&T John deer

5310 Collar shift

1. Tractor Weight without ballasted (Kgf)
1795
1760
2155
675
640
755
1120
1120
1400
90
65
72
10
9.6
6. Engine Oil capacity (lit) / drain duration
7.2/250
7.5/250
9.1/250
7. (Transmission + Hydraulic) Oil capacity /

drain duration
35/1200
34.5/1250
38.5/1200
1. Provision of Coolant Recovery tank
Horizontl Expansion Chamber, dry

Type Air Cleaner
Dry Type Air Cleaner, Expansion

Chamber
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Dry Type Air Cleaner ,

Horizontal Expansion
Chamber
Brand
New Holland
New Holland
New Holland
Model
3600
3130
6500
T-573/1068-2007
T-574/1069-2007
T-690/1196-2009
2.Bore/Stroke (mm)
91.4/127
91.4/127
104/115
3.Displacement (cc)
2500
2500
2931
4.Rated rpm
2300
2000
2500
5. PTO Power (Ps)
41.6
34.94
55.74
199.32
194.9
193.43
16.04/1399
14.81/1350
19.52/1968
34.26
20.09
42.17
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Water Cooled
Dry Single Plate
Dry Single
Dry Dual
Constant mesh
8+2
8+2
8+2
4. Forward speed (km/hr)(max/min)
30/2.99
32.28/2.85
29.47/2.94
5. Reverse speed (km/hr) (max/min)
15.15/4.21
12.93/3.53
14.87/4.14
6. PTO Type
Non-Independent
Non-Independent
Independent
7. Final Drive
Hub
Hub
Hub
Test Report Number
Engine
1.No. of Cylinder
9. Cooling System
Transmission
1. Clutch Type
2. Gear box Type
3. Gear box Speed
Constant Cum Sliding Mesh with

Epicycle High-Low Gear Reduction
Brand
New Holland
New Holland
New Holland
Model
3600
3130
6500
RCB
Warm & Roller
Hydrostatic
2. Drop arm
Single Drop
Single Drop
Mechanical
Mechanical
Hydrostatic
Mech, Wet Disc
Mech, Wet Disc
Mech, Wet Disc
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
Live ADDC
1273.62
948.33
2095.51
Top Link
Top Link
Top Link
Steering
1. Type
Brake Type
Hydraulic
1. Type
2. Lifting Capacity at hitch point (Kgf)
3. Draft Sensing
Testing Performance
0.4
96
96
95
85
55
100
26.8
18.3
19.1
5.69
5.77
6.25
Brand
New Holland
New Holland
New Holland
Model
3600
3130
6500
1. Tractor Weight without ballasted

(Kgf)
2035
1760
2380
710
695
870
1335
1065
1590
58.2
42.9
62
8.35
8.4
13

duration
7/300
6/300
7/300

28/120
18/1200
28/1200
1. Provision of Coolant Recovery

tank
Lift-O-Matic Hydraulic
4-W Drive, Diaphragm Type

Feed Pump, Dry Type
Air Cleaner, Turbo
Charger Provided,
Lift-O-Matic
Hydraulic
Extra feature (Y/N)
3. Specialty
Lift-O-Matic Lever, Wedge Lock

lever During Transportation
Simple to operate maintain and

repair
Easy and few controls
Easy accessibility of maintenance/ repair
points
Less special tools
Simple system
After sales - service
Prompt Service/Quality service

Genuine parts
Warranty and free service
Excellent behavior
Brand Image
Population of tractor and other products in
the area.
Satisfied customer and opinion makers
Publicity of the products and organization.
Resistance to extrovert marketing

Farmers are highly suspicious of advertisers claims
Safety and comfort
Noise
Vibration
Break
Seat , work area
Protection from sun , dust and heat
Visibility
Less operating efforts
Stability
Role over protective structure
Safety guards
Safety instructions
Standard and optional features
Ballast Weights
Toeing hitch
Pulley
Differential lock
Versatility
Suitable for different uses.

Dry land/wet land
Haulage
Industrial commercial
Resale value
Longer useful life of product.
Aesthetics
Styling/color scheme
Product graphics
Finish of costing
Sheet metal
Light, Instrument panel
TRACTOR CONFIGURATION (DRIVE TYPES)

Two-wheel drive (2WD)
Mechanically front wheel

drive (MFWD)
True four-wheel drive
True four-wheel drive tractor has1. four driving wheels of the same size.
Mechanical front wheel drive tractor has

1. Power transmitted to all four wheels
2. But the front wheels are smaller
3. Thus incapable of transmitting as much power.
Generally, any tractor over 140 kW PTO power will be

4WD
Whilst tractors smaller than this may be either 2WD or MFWD
MFWD tractor with smaller driven wheels at the front is

likely to give a Tractive efficiency of 7% better than the
equivalent 2WD tractor.
When larger equal size wheels are fitted throughout
(4WD), the increase will be of the order of 15%.
Others
Faster delivery
Advance delivery
Financial Assistance by dealer
Dealers relationship
Dealers image
Matching tractor and Implements

The Tractor must not be overloaded.
The Implement must be pulled at
proper speed.
The soil condition and their effect on
the machine performance must be
considered.
Thanks
CURRENT STATUS & FUTURE TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT

OF AGRIL. TRACTORS
Sl.
No.
I.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
ENGINE:
i) Indirect injection
Direct injection
Controlled
injection
Improved
combustion
ii) Lower
injection Moderated to high High injection Improved
pressure (100 to injection pressure pressure (200 combustion
150 kgf/cm2)
(175
to
200 to 230 kgf/cm2)
kgf/cm2)
iii) Pintle
injector
type Multi
injectors
iv) Mechanical
governor
v) Inline
pump
hole Electronic
injector
Mechanical
pneumatic
governor
injection Rotary
fuel
pump
& Electronic
governor
For improved
combination and
fuel efficiency
Steady
speed
engine
& inline Rotary

fuel For more reliability
injection injection pump & improving the
emission
Sl.
No.
Past Trend
vi) Naturally
aspirated
Present Trend
Naturally
aspirated
Future Trend
Turbo/super
charged
engine
Advantage
Increased volumetric
efficiency
vii) Oil bath type Oil bath & dry Dry type air Better air cleaning
air cleaner
type
air cleaner
efficiency, reliability
cleaner
& less maintenance
cost.
viii) Injection
timing
(Static)
ix) Cooling
System:
Air + water
cooled
Injection timing Injection

(Static &
timing
Dynamic)
(Dynamic)
Proper combustion.
Mostly water
cooled
Higher engine
better cooling.
Liquid
cooled
(coolant)
life,
Sl.
No.
Past Trend
i) Asbestos
clutch plate
Present Trend
Cera-metallic
clutch plate
Future Trend
Ceramic clutch More reliable,

plate
efficient
&
longer life.
ii) Single clutch Dual/single clutch Dual

system
system
independent
clutch system
iii) Dry
clutch
friction Dry friction clutch
Advantage
Increased
versatility
tractor.
of
Fluid coupling Less

transmission
& wet clutch
losses & low

noise.
iv) Final reduction Final

reduction Final reduction
(bull & pinion (bull & pinion in (planetary)
on wheel hubs) differential
housing)
Improved
transmission
reliability
&
less noisy
v) Sliding
gears
Operator
friendly & less
noisy
mesh Sliding & constant Synchromesh

mesh gears
Sl.
No.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
vi) Limited
More number of Variable speed More versatility
number
of speeds (8 12) (hydro
kinematic
speeds (6 8)
transmission.)
vii) Pto speed of
540 rpm
viii) Rear
pto
Pto speed of Pto speed of

Improved
540 and 1000 540/ 1000 rpm. versatility to be
rpm.
used with pto
driven
equipment.
engine Rear engine & Rear, front &

Improved
ground pto
side mounted versatility to be
engine/ ground used with front/
pto
rear/ side
equipment.
Sl.
No.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
BRAKE:
i)
Shoe brake
Dry disc brake

(mechanically &
hydraulically
operated)
Hydraulically
operated oil
immersed disc
brake
Reliability,
improved braking
efficiency and
lower operating
effort.
ii)
Asbestos
brake liner
Asbestos/metallic
brake liner
Cera metallic
brake liner
Improved
reliability & longer
life.
IV
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS:
i)
Depth control
Automatic Depth,
Draft and mixed
Control (ADDC)
Electronic control
linkage
Reliability &
precise control.
ii)
Rear mounted
TPL
Rear mounted TPL Rear + front

mounted TPL
More versatility of
tractor.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
ERGONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT:
Canvas Canopy
Analogue
gauge
Rigid
&
loaded seat
Canvas/ metallic
canopy
type Colour
code/analogue type
gauges
spring Spring dampers

and hydraulic shockabsorber
Inconvenient/incorre Proper location of

ct
location
of the operators
operators controls
controls as per
ergonomically
requirement.
Air conditioned Better operators

cab
comfort
Digital
gauge
display Better monitoring of

different systems.
Hydro
cushioned seat
Improved operators
comfort
Electronic
controls
Operators friendly
High amplitude of Moderate amplitude Moderate to low Improved

vibration at work of vibration
amplitude
Operators comfort
place
vibration 100
.
Sl.
No.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
vii) Mechanical
steering
Mechanical &
hydrostatic
steering
Hydrostatic
steering
Improved
operators
comfort
viii) No ROPS
ROPS & seat ROPS &

belt (on demand seat belt
)
compulsory
Improved
operators
safety.
ix) No
emission Tractors
norms
meeting Bharat
Stage-III norms
Bharat
Control of
Stage IV
environ-mental
norms are to pollution.
be met.
x) No provision for No provision for

monitoring
monitoring
performance
performance
Electronic
performance
meters may
be provided
To monitor slip,
fuel
consumption
area coverage
etc.
Sl.
No.
VI.
Past Trend
Present Trend
Future Trend
Advantage
OTHERS:
i) Two
wheel Two/four wheel Four
wheel Improved
drive (2WD)
drives (2WD/ 4 drive
traction.
WD))
(4 WD)
ii) Bias ply tyre
Bias
tyres
&
radial Radial tyres
iii) Normal
aesthetics
&
sheet
metal
usage
Improved
aesthetics (sheet
metal + plastics
usage (FRP
Fibber reinforced
plastics)
iv) Normal paint
Normal
Paint
Further
improved
aesthetics
with FRP
uses.
PU PU paint
Reliability,
better traction
and longer life.
Improved
aesthetics &
better look
More paint life

Selection of Tractor

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Selection of Tractor

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SELECTION

How farmer can select tractor

INDIA- Probably the Largest manufacturer of

Present Tractor Selection Criteria

How to purchase a right tractor?

Selecting the size of tractor

Max. PTO hp is the one most commonly used in

PTO Performance test

PTO PERFORMANCE TEST

a) Maximum power - 2 hours test:

b) Power at rated engine speed (2200 rpm):

c) Power at standard power take-off speed (540 10 rpm):

Selecting the size of tractor

Calculating Critical time

Sample working days Chart

Rainy Days/Field wet

Average Nos. of working

Draft, Recommended Speed And Field Efficiency for various

Kg of draft per meter of

Ploughing (20cm deep)

One way disc

Theoretical field capacity (ha/hr) =

Width of implement (m) =Theoretical field capacity (ha/hr)

Calculating horsepower requirement

Ratio of max PTO hp to

Firm soil condition

Net Engine power

Maximum mechanical power performance

Power take off

Mahindra B 275 DI (High Torque )

Swaraj 722 Super

Mahindra Arjun 555 DI ULTRA1

Massey Fergusson 1035

TAFE 4410 Samrat

TAFE 5900 Gajraj

L&T John Deere

L&T John Deere 5203

Farmers buying behavior

Less Initial, operating,

Less tractor price

Torque Back-up (Lugging Ability)

Engine Operating Speed Range

PTO performance characteristics(Natural Ambient)

Eq.CST at full throttle

Eq.CST at part throttle

Pow er at full throttle

Emission and Smoke level

SFC at f ull throttle

SFC at part throttle

Hourly f uel consumption

Hourly consumption at part throttle

PTO performance characteristics(Natural Ambient)

Engine speed ( rpm )

Number of gears required (forward and

595 Super turbo

7. Maximum Torque (kgfm) / rpm

Dry, single plate

Dry, Single plate

Mech, Dry Dual Disk

Test Report Number

8. Drawbar Power (Ps)

Sliding cum constant

4. Forward speed (km/hr)

5. Reverse speed (km/hr)