MUTATIO

N
Group 5

MUTATION
In genetics, amutationis
a permanent change of
the nucleotide sequence
of the genome of an
organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or
other genetic elements.

Mutation can involve the

duplication of large
sections of DNA, usually
through genetic
recombination. These
duplications are a major
source of raw material for
evolving new genes.

MUTANTS

MUTANT

In biology and especially

genetics, amutantis an
organism or a new genetic
character arising or resulting
from an instance of mutation,
which is a base-pair sequence
change within the DNA of a
gene orchromosomeof an
organism.

TYPES
OF
MUTATIO
N

GENE MUTATION
-is a permanent alteration
in the DNA sequence that
makes up agene, such
that the sequence differs
from what is found in
most people.

GENE MUTATION

Insertion

- When genetic material is put

into another region of DNA.
This may be the insertion of
one or more bases, or it can be
part of one chromosome being
inserted into another nonhomologous chromosome.

Substitution
- is a mutation that
exchanges one
base for another.

Deletion
- Genetic material is
removed or deleted. A few
bases can be deleted or it
can be complete or partial
loss of a chromosome.

Frameshift
- The insertion or deletion of a
number of bases that is not a
multiple of 3. This alters the
reading frame of the gene
and frequently results in a
premature stop codon and
protein truncation.

POINT MUTATION
- Point mutation is a random
SNP (single-nucleotide
polymorphism) mutation in
the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) that occurs at one
point. Point mutations
usually place during DNA
replication.

CHROMOSOME
MUTATION

A chromosome mutation is
an unpredictable change
that occurs in a
chromosome . These
changes are most often
brought on by problems
that occur during meiosis
or by mutagens.

CHROMOSOME
MUTATION
INVERSION
- A condition in which a
chromosome segment is
clipped out, turned upside
down, and reinserted back
into the chromosome.

Translocation
-

A structural abnormality
of chromosomes where
genetic material is
exchanged between two
or more non-homologous
chromosomes.

DELETION
- A portion of the
chromosome is
missing or deleted.

BENEFITS
OF
MUTATIO
NS

The main benefit of

mutation is essentially
survival. Most living
organisms are currently
alive due to successful
mutations. More mutation
benefits are the following:

MALARIA
RESISTAN
CE

Lactose
tolerance

Atherosclerosis
resistance

DISADVANTA
GES OF
MUTATION

DISEASES
Genetic mutations can
also cause diseases
such as cancer,
diabetes and asthma.

GENETIC DISORDER
A genetic disorder is a disease that
is caused by an abnormality in an
individual's DNA. Abnormalities can
range from a small mutation in a
single gene to the addition or
subtraction of an entire chromosome
or set of chromosomes.