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Engines in Nature
GROUP 2 - BIO20/A1
MEMBERS:
- C A R O R O , R E I N A H O S A N N A H T.
- PA L E R O J R. , DA N T E M .
- P O RT E S , R E N Z O L I V E R P.
-TA N A M O R , A L A I S A
-V E N C E R , KA R L D A N I E L C .
Natural Gearboxes
Jet Engines
an engine using jet propulsion for forward thrust, mainly
used for aircraft.
takes in air from one end and expels it from the other at a
much greater speed.
100-Million-Year-Old Technology
Under the Sea
When a submarine fills its ballast tanks with water, the
ship becomes
heavier than water. Emptying the tank would resurface
the
submarine.
The
nautilus employs the same technique.
They produce a special gas transferring it
to its chambers expelling water to regulate
its buoyancy allowing it to surface or dive
when being chased.
Submergence
Submarines diving techniques resemble those
of fish, which are able to control their relative
density in order to rise or
dive in the water.
In their bodies, bony fish have a swim bladder
that gives them their buoyancy. Through
diffusion, they can change volume of air in the
bladder, the fishs density can be made equal to
that of the surrounding water at a given depth.
Aerodynamic body
streamlined body enables the birds to counteract drag
(backward force)
Drag --- produced in landing by flapping down the tail
feathers.
Air-pocketed bones
Pneumatic bones and more simplified anatomy than their
reptilian ancestors considerably make birds lighter thus
reducing their weight (downward force) and promoting lift.
Thrust
a forward force which pushes the airplane through the air
varies with the amount of engine power being used
The air is pulled in the engine and then thrown out in the opposite direction
Household fan --- an easy example
Drag
opposite force
helps in reducing the speed of an aircraft
caused due to differences in air pressure.
Weight
as lift helps in flying the aircraft in the air, the weight acts in an opposite manner.
pushes the plane downward due to the gravitation force
Wing Loading
A measurement that relates the mass of an aircraft or bird to
the total wing area.
The relationship between wing area and body weight is given in
kilograms per square meter (or grams per square centimeter).
B 1B Swing-wing Bomber
bomber that has adjustable wings
that can be swept back for high
speed
tight angle of the wings helps to
reduce drag, giving it supersonic
speed capability.
Albatross
has the longest wingspan of any bird
The long, narrow, pointed wings
coupled with low loading enable the
birds to glide effortlessly on up
draughts sometimes for months at a
time.
Glider
Hummingbird
have the ability to hover in one
place by rotating their wings.
Helicopter
has the ability to rotate its wings,
enabling it to hover in one place.
Godwit
Migratory birds
have high aspect ratio wings
equipped for long rages and
endurance at a relatively fast
speed.
Airbus
Airplanes with high aspect ratio
wings have long ranges and
endurance times at fast speeds.
King vulture
high aspect ratio wings --- allow to
spend hours in flight, soaring
slowly without flapping their wings.
Spy Plane
high aspect ratio wings --- allow it
to move slowly, not using much
energy
References:
BIOMIMETICS:Technology ImitatesNature by Harun Yahya
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bljetengine.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/gears.htm
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-gearbox.htm