Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Introduction To and International Trends in Health Impact Through Case Study Experiences

    Uploaded by

    PublicHealthbyDesign
    28 views18 pages
    This presentation introduces Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and discusses international trends in HIA using case study experiences of projects around the world. These have been identified through the author’s work as part of the International Association of Impact Assessment (IAIA), the leading association for impact assessment professionals internationally. The presentation discusses how HIA is being undertaken in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, SE Asia and Australia and New Zealand in particular. It uses some generalised case study experiences in healthy urban planning (housing developments) and oil and gas projects (e.g. fracking and refining) and discuss both policy and project applications of HIA. The focus of the presentation is on the reasons why HIA is undertaken, how stakeholders are involved, the general methods used and the existing value frameworks and cultures that make up current HIA practice. Our experience within IAIA shows that current HIA practice generally falls into four broad overlapping groupings; (i) there is a qualitative social approach which focuses on the social and environmental determinants of health, this approach may also focus on or have some quantification of the positive benefits of for example cycling or physical activity; (ii) there is health risk assessment which is the established and long standing approach to quantifying the physical health impacts of exposure to chemicals (e.g. energy from waste facilities); (iii) there is a qualitative environmental approach particular used in low to middle income countries which focuses on the environmental determinants of communicable diseases such as malaria and schistosomiaisis with a smaller social determinants component (often because there is a separate social impact assessment being undertaken); and (iv) there is a quantitative environmentally focused approach, termed environmental HIA, that focuses on the quantification of, for example changes in air pollution, as a result of policy and large programme and project initiatives (e.g. Europe wide policy on reducing air emissions).

    Original Title

    Introduction to and International Trends in Health Impact through Case Study Experiences

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This presentation introduces Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and discusses international trends in HIA using case study experiences of projects around the world. These have been identified through the author’s work as part of the International Association of Impact Assessment (IAIA), the leading association for impact assessment professionals internationally. The presentation discusses how HIA is being undertaken in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, SE Asia and Australia and New Zealand in particular. It uses some generalised case study experiences in healthy urban planning (housing developments) and oil and gas projects (e.g. fracking and refining) and discuss both policy and project applications of HIA. The focus of the presentation is on the reasons why HIA is undertaken, how stakeholders are involved, the general methods used and the existing value frameworks and cultures that make up current HIA practice. Our experience within IAIA shows that current HIA practice generally falls into four broad overlapping groupings; (i) there is a qualitative social approach which focuses on the social and environmental determinants of health, this approach may also focus on or have some quantification of the positive benefits of for example cycling or physical activity; (ii) there is health risk assessment which is the established and long standing approach to quantifying the physical health impacts of exposure to chemicals (e.g. energy from waste facilities); (iii) there is a qualitative environmental approach particular used in low to middle income countries which focuses on the environmental determinants of communicable diseases such as malaria and schistosomiaisis with a smaller social determinants component (often because there is a separate social impact assessment being undertaken); and (iv) there is a quantitative environmentally focused approach, termed environmental HIA, that focuses on the quantification of, for example changes in air pollution, as a result of policy and large programme and project initiatives (e.g. Europe wide policy on reducing air emissions).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    28 views18 pages

    Introduction To and International Trends in Health Impact Through Case Study Experiences

    Uploaded by

    PublicHealthbyDesign
    This presentation introduces Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and discusses international trends in HIA using case study experiences of projects around the world. These have been identified through the author’s work as part of the International Association of Impact Assessment (IAIA), the leading association for impact assessment professionals internationally. The presentation discusses how HIA is being undertaken in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, SE Asia and Australia and New Zealand in particular. It uses some generalised case study experiences in healthy urban planning (housing developments) and oil and gas projects (e.g. fracking and refining) and discuss both policy and project applications of HIA. The focus of the presentation is on the reasons why HIA is undertaken, how stakeholders are involved, the general methods used and the existing value frameworks and cultures that make up current HIA practice. Our experience within IAIA shows that current HIA practice generally falls into four broad overlapping groupings; (i) there is a qualitative social approach which focuses on the social and environmental determinants of health, this approach may also focus on or have some quantification of the positive benefits of for example cycling or physical activity; (ii) there is health risk assessment which is the established and long standing approach to quantifying the physical health impacts of exposure to chemicals (e.g. energy from waste facilities); (iii) there is a qualitative environmental approach particular used in low to middle income countries which focuses on the environmental determinants of communicable diseases such as malaria and schistosomiaisis with a smaller social determinants component (often because there is a separate social impact assessment being undertaken); and (iv) there is a quantitative environmentally focused approach, termed environmental HIA, that focuses on the quantification of, for example changes in air pollution, as a result of policy and large programme and project initiatives (e.g. Europe wide policy on reducing air emissions).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18

    Introduction to and international

    trends in Health Impact


    Assessment
    through case study experiences

    2014 European Public Health Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, Thursday 20 th November 2014

    Dr Salim Vohra, Public Health By Design


    Director at PhD, Co-Chair of Health Section of the International Association of Impact Assessment
    health impact assessment | healthy urban planning | health in all policies | health equity

    Overview
    What is Health Impact Assessment?
    International trends in HIA from the work of the
    members of the International Association of
    Impact Assessment
    Policy and project applications of HIA
    Why HIA is undertaken, how stakeholders are
    involved, general method used and the existing
    value frameworks

    Health Impact Assessment


    Health impact assessment (HIA) may be defined
    as a combination of procedures, methods and
    tools that systematically judges the potential,
    and sometimes unintended, effects of a policy,
    plan, programme or project on the health of a
    population and the distribution of those effects
    within the population. HIA identifies appropriate
    actions to manage those effects.

    IAIA, HIA International Best Practice Principles, 2006 (adapted from WHO
    Gothenburg Consensus Paper 1999)

    International trends in HIA

    Lots of things happening HIA and Health in EIA


    Health has moved/is moving up the agenda internationally and in many countries

    Values in HIA
    Recognition of human rights (Health as a
    human right, maximising health opportunities
    for the all affected populations)
    Democratic (participatory)
    Equitable
    Sustainable
    Ethical in its use of evidence

    How stakeholders are involved


    They are not always involved directly:
    can use information from other community
    consultations
    Public meetings and exhibitions
    Workshops where people are broken up into
    small groups
    Focus groups, small number of people with
    specific characteristics e.g. women, elderly
    people, women farmers, migrants, women
    migrants, etc.
    Interviews key informant, general residents
    Questionnaire surveys

    Qualitative Social Determinants Focused Approach


    A wide range of social determinants of
    health are considered alongside
    environmental determinants
    Qualitative assessment of health impacts
    Little or no quantification where a
    relatively easy and straightforward
    method exists e.g. employment, walking
    and cycling, etc.
    Or where requested by client
    International Council on Mining and

    QUALITATIVE DETERMINANTS/ IMPACT BASED


    ANALYSIS

    QUALITATIVE DETERMINANTS/ IMPACT BASED


    ANALYSIS

    Courtesy of Luton Borough Council

    Qualitative Environmental Determinants Focused


    Approach
    Low to Middle Income Country Contexts
    Key environmental determinants of
    communicable diseases Environmental
    Health Areas Framework
    Seems to be a lesser focus on social
    determinants
    Qualitative assessment of health impacts
    International Finance Corporation
    Introduction to Health Impact Assessment
    Guide and IPIECA (oil and gas industry)

    QUALITATIVE RISK BASED ANALYSIS

    Borrowed from occupational health risk assessment

    OIL AND GAS PROJECTS

    International SOS

    Health Risk Assessment


    Long established
    Epidemiologically based
    Focus on chemicals in air, water and soil
    Classic four/five steps:
    Hazard identification
    Exposure assessment
    Dose-response assessment
    Risk characterisation
    (Risk management)

    WASTE PROJECTS

    US EPA Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol


    Environmental/Health Consultancies Proprietary
    Model
    Other

    Quantitative Environmental Determinants Focused


    Approach
    Referred to as Environmental HIA in the
    research literature
    Focus on quantifying the impacts of air
    water and soil pollution from changes in
    policies e.g. at European Union level
    Based on a health risk assessment
    framework
    Uses complex frameworks and models

    Key EU research
    projects

    CAF
    HEIMTSA
    INTARESE

    Quantitative Lifestyle Determinants Focused


    Approach
    Policy/programme level HIA
    Lifestyle based/behavioural change
    health promotion policy/programme level
    interventions
    Uses an already developed quantification
    method/methodology/model
    Uses complex frameworks and models

    Lifestyle areas

    Walking
    Cycling
    Smoking
    Alcohol
    Consumpti

    Kind of HIA is often influenced by Environmental


    Impact Assessment
    EIAs often model for air, noise, water and
    soil pollution depending on country
    regulations. Often this means that projects
    ensure that they meet regulatory
    thresholds so the HIA is being informed by
    the findings of the HIA.
    Oil and gas and mining sector impact
    assessments are often Environmental,
    Social and Health Impact Assessments
    (ESHIAs). This means that the SIA often
    covers the social determinants of health
    and the HIA is being informed and adds
    and additional layer of analysis to the SIA.

    Thank you
    Public Health by Design
    health impact assessment | healthy urban planning | health in all policies | health equity
    ASSESSMENT | EVALUATION | RESEARCH | TRAINING | MENTORING

    You might also like