FECAL TRANSPLANTATION

USMAN AISHAT (U11AN1060).

Introduction.
It

is a procedure in which fecal materials

containing bacteria and natural antibacterial are

transfer from a healthy donor into a diseased
recipient (Bakken et al., 2011).
The purpose is to replace good bacteria that has

been killed or suppressed, usually by the use of

antibiotics, causing bad bacteria, specifically
Clostridium difficile to over populate the colon.
This infection causes a condition called
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Clostridium difficile colitis, resulting in often

History.
The concept of treating fecal disease with fecal

matter originated in China millennia ago.

Fourth century Chinese medical literature

mentions it to treat food poisoning and severe

diarrhea. 1200 years later, Li Shenzhen used
yellow soup to treat abdominal diseases (Henning
Gerk, 2014).
The yellow soup was made up of fecal matter and

water, which was drunk by the patient (John

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Hopkins University, 2013).

History continued
The first description of fecal transplant was

published in 1958 by Ben Eiseman and

colleagues, a team of surgeons from Colorado,
who treated four critically ill with fulminant
pseudomembranous colitis using fecal enemas,
which resulted in a rapid return to health
(Eiseman et al., 1958).
Stool transplant, are about 90% effective in those
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with severe cases of Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile colitis.

It is the inflammation of the large intestine

resulting from infection with Clostridium difficile, a

type of spore forming bacteria (Moreno et al.,
2013).
The colitis is thought to occur when this bacteria

replaces normal gut flora that has been

compromised, usually following antibiotic
treatment for an unrelated infection (Curry et al.,
2007).
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The disturbance of normal healthy bacteria may

Signs and symptoms.

It range from mild diarrhea to life threatening

inflammation of the colon (Joshi et al., 2012).

In adults, the symptoms are, significant diarrhea,

abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5C), distinctive

foul stool odour (Katz et al, 1996).
In children, the most prevalent symptoms is

watery diarrhea with at least three bowel

movements a day for two or more days, which
may be accompanied by fever, loss of appetite,
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nausea and abdominal pain (Moreno et al., 2013).

Procedure For Fecal

Transplantation.
A team of international gastroenterologists and

infectious disease specialists have published

formal standard practice guideline for performing
the transplant which outline in detail the
procedure (Bakken et al, 2011). These are:
Donor selection: This requires careful selection and

screening of the donor and excluding those who test

positive for certain diseases as well as any donor
carrying pathogenic gastrointestinal infectious agent.
Donors must be tested for a wide array of bacteria
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and parasitic infections (Bakken et al, 2011).

Specimen preparation: The solution is being prepared

by mixing of stool sample collected from healthy person

with saline or distilled water, homogenization with
blender to achieve a liquid slurry, and then filtration to
remove particulate matter to facilitate administration.
Fresh stools have been recommended to be used within
six hours; however frozen stool samples can also be
used without loss of efficacy (Hamilton et al, 2012).
Administration: Choice depend on suitability and

case. It involve single to multiple infusions of bacteria

by enema (Eiseman et al, 1958), through colonoscopy
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(Lund et al, 1998) or through nasogastric or

Bristol stool scale.

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Risk associated with fecal

transplant.
The biggest immediate risk is contracting an

illness from your donor.

Bacteremia: This is where the new bacteria

travel into blood via abrasion in the gut wall and

cause fever, septic shock and if untreated, death.
Use of enema which can cause perforation or

infection.
There is also links between disruption of the

intestinal flora and autoimmune illness. This

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means that the mass arrival of new microbiota

Poop pills.

A noninvasive method

of delivering a
promising therapy for
persistent Clostridium
difficile infection
appears to be as
effective as treatment
via colonoscopy,
enema, and
nasogastric tube
Cdn.inquisitr.com.
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(Younger et al, 2012).

Conclusion.
Several studies have demonstrated the

effectiveness of the procedure on treating not only

Clostridium difficile colitis, but also constipation,
irritable bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome,
and some neurological conditions like multiple
sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.
Researchers in Amsterdam are even running

clinical trial to see if fecal transplant can help

treat obesity since the composition of the gut flora
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is one of many factors that affects weight

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FOR
LISTENING
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References.
Benet JD, Brinkman M. Lancet(1989), Treatment of
Ulcerative colitis by implantation of normal colonic flora.
1: 164
Elizabeth L. Hohmann, MD et al (2014),oral, capsulized,
Frozen Fecal microbiotal Transplantation for Relapsing
clostridium difficile infection. JAMA,
Dol:10.1001/jama.2014.13875
G. Riegler (2001) _spinge, Bristol scale stool form. A still
valid help in medical practice and clinical research, I
Esposito Techniques in coloproctology.
You DM, Franzos MA, Holman RP(2008), successful

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Thank you for listening.

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