It is the system of practices, used by national

and local governments, directed at

maintaining social control as well as deter
and control crime, and sanction those who
violate laws with criminal penalties. T

The primary agencies charged with these

responsibilities are:
law enforcement (police)
prosecutors
Courts (lawyers and judges)
local jails and prisons

(1.) Community,
(2.) The Law Enforcement,
(3.) The Prosecution Service,
(4.) The Courts,
(5.) The Correctional Institution.

It refers to institutions, government, and nongovernment agencies and peoples organizations

that provide care and assistance to the victims or
offended party, during and after the onset of a
victims rights case.
The community has a significant role to
assume in all the phases of judicial involvement
of offender as well as the protection process: the
prevention of abuse, cruelty, discrimination and
exploitation, assistance of offenders who enter
the criminal justice system and the acceptance
of the offenders upon his reintegration into the
community,,, after he goes out of Correctional.

It involves government agencies charged with

the enforcement of penal laws. It is primarily
responsible for the investigation and
determination whether an offense has been
committed, and where needed, the
apprehension of alleged offenders for further
investigation of the third pillar,,, Prosecution
Service.

refers to the National Prosecution Service

(NPS).
The NPS is mandated to investigate and
prosecute penal violations.
It collates, evaluates evidence in the
preliminary inquest investigation and
dismisses or files the case in court as
indicated.

The Public Attorneys Office or private

defense counsel, on the other hand, serves
as the defender of offender who is charged
before the court and unable to hire the
service of the retained lawyer.

refers to the MCTC, MTC, Regional Trial

Courts, CA and SC
designated to handle and try the case and
issue judgment after trial.

It refers to institutions mandated to

administer both correctional and
rehabilitation programs for the offenders.
These programs develop the offenders or
convicts abilities and potentials and
facilitate their re-integration into the
community and normal family life.

Suppose1: the people (family of the victim)

refuses to cooperate in the investigation of
the case, then the police would not be as
effective to perform his job to arrest the
suspect, thus, the first pillar of criminal
justice system would be ineffective or
dysfunctional.

Suppose2: the people (or family of the

victim) or victim herself fully cooperated in
the investigation of the case that led to the
apprehension of the suspect, but later on the
police, thru negligence or bribery, has just
allowed the suspect go free and evade
arrest, thus the second pillar of criminal
justice system is also dysfunctional or rotten.

Suppose3: both the victim and police had

worked together closely in the investigation,
and actual apprehension of the suspect,
however during the preliminary investigation
stage conducted by the fiscal, who acted
partially and moved for the dismissal of the
case due to alleged lack of probable cause,
however upon inquiry it was found out later
that he did receive a bribe money from the
suspect in exchange of a favorable
resolution, thus, the third pillar of criminal
justice system would also be dysfunctional
and decomposing as well.

Suppose4: the victim, police and the fiscal

have done their work par excellence and
were able to present a strong case in court,
but judge, who handled and tried the case,
renders a decision acquitting the accused as
he did receive monetary consideration from
the other party, or thru pakikisama, or he
is a compare of the accused, thus, the
fourth pillar of criminal justice system is
likewise dysfunctional.

Suppose5: the accused was finally convicted

via fair and impartial trial, thru the
cooperation of the aforementioned pillars,
thereby giving justice to the victim of the
crime, but when the accused was formally
delivered and turned over to the correctional
institution to serve his sentence, but instead
of being corrected and rehabilitated therein,
said convict was tortured and man handled,
etc. (thru mental & physical torture), thus,
the last pillar of criminal justice system is
also dysfunctional.

To be able to strengthen an effective

criminal justice system, all these pillars must
perform and deliver their respective job par
excellence in the realization of justice.

The report analyses why the criminal justice

system in the Philippines fails to function.
command irresponsibility,
the non-existent witness protection
programme,
the bias of state officers towards victims and
their families,
irregularities in investigation and prosecution
Flawed and misguided criminal
investigations.

The police are the first and biggest obstacle to

victims and their families obtaining justice in the
Philippines. Where family members and
witnesses come forward, they often find that
police investigations contradict their versions of
incidents. Police investigators sometimes make
premature pronouncements about the motive for
a killing and its cause, flatly rejecting
alternative suggestions, particularly where state
officers or persons allegedly connected to them
are among the possible suspects.
due to existence of scalawags in uniform, kotong
cops, hulidap cops

The failure of the witness protection

program must be attributed squarely to the
rotten condition of its implementing agency,
the Department of Justice. Public
prosecutors, who are its officers, have also
failed in their duty to refer witnesses for
inclusion in the protection programme. Even
in the most serious cases of extrajudicial
killing, torture and disappearance, they are
not known to have made recommendations
and applications for protection.