Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SEQUENCE
State Defined
Elements of State
Historical Perspective
State in Pre-Islamic period
Purpose of Islamic state
State of Madinah and its Political perspective
Structure of government in Islamic state
Islamic State in period of Caliphate
Islamic State and Welfare organizations
Conclusion
STATE
An aggregation of different families and villages organized
for the purpose of providing facilities for the promotion of a
happy and prosperous life.
(Aristotle)
The state is a community of persons, permanently
The state as such is the natural result of human life, which
requires association (ijtima) and organization
(Ibn e- Khaldoon)
STATE- DEFINITION
A society politically organized within a definite territory,
having its own government with coercive power to enforce
obedience and which is free from external control
Groups
ELEMENTS OF STATE
Population:
The state must have population.
Without population we cannot think of state
No state can be imagined without the people, as there must be
some to rule and others to be ruled
Population may be less or more
No number of persons can be fixed as population of the state
ELEMENTS OF STATE
Territory:
People cannot constitute a state, unless they inhabit in a
definite territory.
The people must live on a definite territory
Wandering tribes do not form a state
ELEMENTS OF STATE
Government:
A community of persons alone does not form a state unless it
is organized by an established government
State is nothing without a government
Government is the machinery through which the will of the
state is formulated, expressed and implemented
Government usually consists of three branches
ELEMENTS OF STATE
Sovereignty:
Sovereignty means supreme and final legal authority and
beyond which no further legal power exists.
Sovereignty
distinguishes
associations.
Sovereignty has two aspects
Internal
External
the
state
from
all
other
ELEMENTS OF STATE
Internal sovereignty:
The power of the State in controlling its domestic or
internal affairs without having to rely on external
oroutside help orwithout intervention from outside
forces like other states & international organizations.
The power of the state to decide on it sown.
External sovereignty
means freedom of the state from foreign control
The capacity of the state to relate itself with other
states in pursuing its interests. However, this does not
mean that the state we have an agreement with can
dictate us onwhat we need to do. External sovereignty
means that we have the capacity to decide on how we
need to relate with otherstates.
became
hereditary
and
assumed
absolute
authority
Strong tribes got hold of weak
Gradually tribal organization expanded to vast area e.g.
Euphrate, Dajla, Sindh, Ganga, Yang etc
Greek City States:
Between 4th or 5th B.C. Historical linkage to present world
Whole region divided, small cities, every city was State.
Mutual
rivalriesconcept
developed
of
vast
territory could
not
Any decision taken had to be unanimous and the tribal chiefs enforced
the decision in their respective tribes
If a tribal chief dissented, the decision could not be implemented
STATE OF MADINA
Migrated from Makkah to Madinah because the Makkans were
not willing to accept his faith and made it difficult for him to
preach his religion
STATE OF MADINA
Although he had the last word in political and military affairs,
and as the Messenger of Allah (saws) was not obliged to consult
others
STATE OF MADINA
STATE OF MADINA
The Prophet, in a way, took a revolutionary step in dissolving
tribal bonds and laying more emphasis on ideological
boundaries on one hand, and territorial boundaries, on the
other. However, the Prophets aim was not to build a political
community but to build a religious community instead.
The Quran lays more emphasis on values, ethics, and morality
than on any political doctrines. The political system had to
evolve over a period of time and in keeping with the needs and
requirements.
Quran says:
To Allah belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the
earth. (42: 48)
Islamic State
Islam advocates only a limited government whose power is
restricted in a variety of ways:
B. Legislature:
Legislation in an Islamic state should be within the limits prescribed by
the Shariah.
The injunctions of Allah and His Prophet are to be accepted and obeyed
and no legislative body can alter or modify them or make any new laws
which are contrary to their spirit.
The duty of defining the real meaning of those commandments which
are open to more than one interpretation is given to people possessing
a specialized knowledge of the law of Sharia.
C. judiciary:
In Islam the judiciary is not placed under the control of the executive.
It derives its authority directly from the Shariah and is answerable to
Allah.
The judges will obviously be appointed by the Government but, once
appointed, will have to administer justice impartially according to the
law of Allah.
All the organs and functionaries of the Government should come
within their jurisdiction: even the highest executive authority of the
Government. Islam stands for equality in the social, economic and
political realms alike.
T H E CONSTITUTION
Neither the Shariah nor the juristic doctrine of Muslim scholars
provides a specific pattern for the constitution of an Islamic state.
The Qur'in being the main source of Shariah, does not embody a
constitution as it does not address constitutional themes on the
devolution and transfer of power and other matters of state. It is a
source whose guidance need to be reflected in the state activity and
legislation. Since there is no consensus on the essential features of
such a state, the matter must, therefore, remain open to initiative and
ijtihad.
Legislation will be carried out as per Islamic commands giving full
benefit to the community as per needs of the hour without
compromising basic principles of legislation
Fourth, in the administration of the trust he executes your will and not
his own.
This is exactly what Islam means when it affirms that man is the
vicegerent of Allah on earth. Hence, these four conditions are also
involved in the concept of Khilafat.
CONCLUSION
No defined form of Govt
Implementation of Shariah Law
Consultation, a vital factor
Protection of basic human rights
Social security
suitable balance between liberty and equality
system which is based on chain of responsibilities
Enforcement of welfare system though State machinery
QUESTION
S?
THAN
KS