OXYGENATION IN

AQUACULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE
FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCE
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2014

OXYGENATION
The availability of dissolved oxygen (DO) is
usually the first factor that limits increased
carrying capacity and production in intensive
When DO concentrations are low, fish, shrimp,
and other aquatic life suffer stress that can
result in their slowed growth, susceptibility to
disease, or even death.

OXYGENATION

Purified O2 gas is contacted with

water;
Dissolved
O2
super-saturation
produced
Some N2 gas is stripped.

OXYGENATION
Enriched O2 increases DO solubility
nearly
5-fold compared to air.
48.1 mg/L vs. 10.1 mg/L (@ 15C)

Increasing pressure from 1 to 2 atm

doubles
the DO solubility.
97 mg/L vs 48 mg/L (@ 15C)

OXYGENATION

The dissolved oxygen requirements of

aquatic organisms depends on numerous
factors:
stocking density, feed rates, stress levels,
water temperature, Salinity, species, etc.
For cold water species, oxygen
requirements for the fish range from 0.3 to
0.5 kg O2 per kg of feed.
At
higher
temperatures
(oxygen
requirements of the biofilter and other
bacteria), this could be as high as 1 kg O2
per kg feed.

OXYGENATION
Intensification with oxygenation &
aeration is limited!
Every 10 mg/L DO consumed adds:
1.0-1.4 mg/L TAN
13-14 mg/L CO2
10-20 mg/L TSS

OXYGENATION

OXYGENATION

OXYGENATION
two
most
widely
practiced
emergency techniques
with low D.O. :
water exchange
supplemental
aeration.
Both are somewhat
reducing the impact of
have limitations.

for dealing
paddlewheel
effective in
low D.O., but

OXYGENATION
So,

Oxygen Injection as a
practical option in an
overall
strategy
for
D.O.
management.

In these applications, the technology

can help manage the demand for
oxygen, particularly in the latter stages
of growout, when sludge generates a
large demand.

OXYGENATION

OXYGENATION

The main components of oxygen

injection systems:
oxygen source (tanks or oxygen
generator)
a hose or other tubing to transfer
the oxygen
a diffusion device

OXYGENATION
Oxygenation technology depends on several factors
specific to the equipment, including:
oxygen absorption efficiency (mass of oxygen absorbed per
mass of oxygen applied),
oxygen transfer efficiency (mass of oxygen transferred per
power required),
ability to strip nitrogen and other gases,
ease of control,
effectiveness when scaled-up,
ability to treat flows containing suspended solids without
plugging,

Aplication in fish transportation system

Reference
Mathur

A. 2005. Oxygen injection system provide

emergency aeration, DO Management. Paradise
Shrimp Farm, USA,South Carolina : Edisto.
Boyd Claude E. 2001. Water Quality Standards: Dissolved
Oxygen. Department of Fisheries and Allied
Aquacultures International Center for Aquaculture
and Aquatic Environments Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849 USA
Vinci BJ. 2000. Oxygenation and carbon dioxide control in
water reuse systems. Aquacultural Engineering,
22 (2000) 87108.

Thank you

Oxygen Source PSA/VSA

Enriched O2 can be produced on site using
pressure swing adsorption (PSA) equipment:
85 to 95% purity
requires PSA unit and air dryer,
compressor to produce 90 to 150 psi,
stand-by electrical generator.
costs about 1.1 kWh of electricity per kg
O2 produced.

Oxygen Source - LOX

Enriched O2 can be purchased as a bulk liquid:
98 to 99% purity
Capital investment and risk are lower than
PSA,
Annual liquid O2 cost can be 3-times > PSA
O2 Location specific
Transportation
costs
are
a
MAJOR
component of the total LOX cost