ELECTRICAL POWER

T&D SYSTEM
MODULE IV ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ANSI C84.1-1989 divides system

voltages into voltage classes.
600 V and below are referred to as low
voltage,
600 V-69 kV are referred to as medium
voltage,
69 kV-230 kV are referred to as high
voltage
230 kV-1,100 kV are referred to as extra
high voltage,
1,100 kV also referred to as ultra high

POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY DIST.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Standar PLN, SPLN 1 : 1995 tentang
Tegangan- Tegangan Standar.
Pasal 2 ayat 3 Standar ini disebutkan
batasan-batasan sbb.:
Tegangan Rendah antara 100 volt sampai 1.000
volt
Tegangan Menengah di atas 1.000 volt sampai
dengan 35.000 volt.
Tegangan Tinggi di atas 35.000 votlt sampai
dengan 245.000 volt.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Kemudian diskripsi tegangan

menengah diperlihatkan pada Tabel
2 Pasal 3:

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Saluran distribusi Primer, terletak

pada sisi primer trafo distribusi,
yaitu antara titik Sekunder trafo
substation (Gardu Induk) dengan
titik primer trafo distribusi. Saluran
ini bertegangan menengah 20 kV.
Saluran Distribusi Sekunder, Terletak
pada sisi sekunder trafo distribusi,
yaitu antara titik sekunder dengan
titik cabang menuju beban, yaitu:
220/380V

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

1st reason Three-phase machines and

controls can be smaller, lighter in weight,
and more efficient than comparable
single-phase equipment. More power is
supplied to them in the same period than
can be supplied by a single-phase power
circuit.
2nd reason Only about 75 percent as much
copper wire is required for distributing
three-phase power as is required for
distributing the same amount of singlephase power.

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Radial
Loop
Net (Jaring)
Spindle

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG. -RADIAL

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-LOOP

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-NET

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-SPINDLE

VOLTAGE DROP

VOLTAGE DROP

MV SWITCHGEAR
Switchgear is the combination of
electrical disconnect switches, fuses or
circuit breakers used to control, protect
and isolate electrical equipment.
Switchgear is used both to de-energize
equipment to allow work to be done
and to clear faults downstream.
This type of equipment is important
because it is directly linked to the
reliability of the electricity supply

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPE

Oil
Oil circuit
breakers rely
upon
vaporization of
some of the oil
to blast a jet of
oil through the
arc.

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPE
Gas
Gas (SF6)
circuit breakers
sometimes
stretch the arc
using a
magnetic field,
and then rely
upon the
dielectric
strength of the
SF6 to quench
the stretched
arc

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPE
Vacuum
Vacuum circuit breakers have minimal arcing (as there is
nothing to ionize other than the contact material), so the arc
quenches when it is stretched by a small amount (<23mm).

MV SWITCHGEAR
Air
Air circuit breakers may
use compressed air
(puff) or the magnetic
force of the arc itself to
elongate the arc. CBs
are usually able to
terminate all current
flow very quickly
typically between 30ms
and 150ms depending
upon the age and
construction of the
device.

MV SWITCHGEAR

M
V
S
W
I
T
C
H
G
E
A
R

MV- LOAD BREAK SWITCH

A load break switch is a disconnect
switch that has been designed to
provide making or breaking of
specified currents. This is
accomplished by addition of
equipment that increases the
operating speed of the disconnect
switch blade and the addition of
some type of equipment to alter the
arcing phenomena and allow the
safe interruption of the arc resulting
when switching load currents.

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

Conduits are hollow tubes running from manhole to
manhole in an underground transmission or
distribution system. They can contain one or more
ducts. They can be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass,
fiber, tile, concrete, or steel. PVC and fiberglass are
most commonly used.
Duct runs are hollow tubes running from manhole to
manhole inside a conduit. The sizes usually from 2 to 6
in diameter. Electrical cables are run through ducts
and the ducts are sized accordingly. The diameter of a
duct should be at least 1/2 to 3/4 inch greater than the
diameter of the cable(s) installed in the duct. They can
be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass, fiber, tile,
concrete, or steel. PVC and fiberglass are most
commonly used.

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

A manhole is the opening in the underground duct
system which houses cables splices and which
cablemen enter to pull in cable and to make
splices and tests. Also called a splicing chamber
or cable vault

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

HV underground cable are
constructed in many different
ways, but are usually shielded
cables. They are made with a
conductor, conductor-strand
shielding, insulation, semiconducting insulation
shielding, metallic insulation
shielding, and a sheath.
The sheath can be metallic and
may then serve as the metallic
insulation shielding and be
covered with a nonmetallic
jacket to protect the sheath.
This sheath helps to reduce or
eliminate inductive reactance.

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

A transformer vault is a structure or room in which
power transformers, network protectors, voltage
regulators, circuit breakers, meters, etc. are housed

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

A riser is a set of devices that connects an overhead
line to an underground line. A riser has a conduit
from the ground up the pole where potheads are
used to connect to the overhead lines

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DIST. TRANSFORMER
SINGLE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER
THREE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER
THREE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER
THREE PHASE

LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM

1-phase, 3-wire

3-phase, 4-wire

3-phase, 3-wire

LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM