Lesson 1

application
design of components
material protection (from corrosion,
damage, etc.)

1. Physical properties
2. Mechanical properties
3. Chemical properties

colour light wave length

specific heat the heat required to

raise the temperature of one gram of
a substance by one
degreecentigrade (J/kg K)

density mass per unit volume

expressed in such units as kg/cm 3

thermal conductivity rate at

which heat flows through a given
material (W/m K)

melting point a temperature at

which a solid begins to liquify

electrical conductivity a measure

of how strongly a material opposes
the flow of electric current (m)

coefficient of thermal expansion

degree of expansion divided by the
change in temperature (m/C)

tensile strength measures the

force required to pull something such
as rope,wire or a structural beam to
the point where it breaks

ductility a measure of how much

strain a material can take before
rupturing

malleability the property of a

material that can be worked or
hammered or shaped without
breaking

brittleness breaking or shattering

of a material when subjected to
stress (when force is applied to it)

elasticity the property of a material

that returns to its original shape after
stress (e.g. external forces) that made
it deform or distort is removed

plasticity - the deformation of a

material undergoing non-reversible
changes of shape in response to
applied forces

toughness the ability of a material

to absorb energy and plastically
deform without fracturing

hardness the property of being

rigid and resistant to pressure; not
easily scratched

machinability the property of a

material that can be shaped by
hammering, pressing, rolling

corrosion resistance - a material's

ability to resist deterioration caused
by exposure to an environment

Material
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood

Properties

Material

Properties

aluminium

lightness ; strength

rubber

elasticity ; insulation

ceramics

thermal resistivity

steel

strength

copper

conductivity ; corrosion resistance

lead

high density; ductility

nylon

strength ; toughness

cast iron

damping capacity

wood

insulation ; environmental
friendliness

Material
aluminium
rubber
ceramics
steel
copper
lead
nylon
cast iron
wood

Application

Material

Application

aluminium

foil; aircraft; window frame

rubber

tyres,; seal; gasket

ceramics

furnace; brick

steel

section; pipe

copper

pipe; cables

lead

storage battery; radiation

protection ballast; bullets

nylon

rope; clothing

cast iron

engine block; valves

wood

furniture; deck

gold - 19300 kg/m3

uranium - 19100 kg/m3
lead - 11340 kg/m3
steel - 7800 kg/m3

Material

Tensile Strength

UTS (Ultimate
Tensile Strength)

carbon nanotubes

62000 MPa
(theoretical300000
MPa)

48000 kNm/kg

carbon fibre

5650 MPa

3200 kNm/kg

glass fibre

4700 MPa

1340 kNm/kg

spider web

1000 MPa

900 kNm/kg

high-strength steel

1200 MPa

154 kNm/kg

Material
silver
copper
gold
aluminium

Conductivity
63 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)

59.6 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)

45.2 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)
37.8 x 106 S/m (1/ohm)

Material

Specific resistance

polyethylene terephthalate
(PET)

1020 ohm

glass

1014 ohm

rubber

1013 ohm

Forging - a manufacturing process

where metal is shaped by plastic
deformation under great pressure into
high strength parts.
Casting pouring or injecting molten
metal into a mold containing a cavity
with the desired shape