HALLUCINATION

IRMA SUSILAWATI
NANDA AULIA
SHERLY JUNIA HARSONO
YUNITA ROSE PUTRI

DEFINITION
Hallucination is a perception in the
absence of external stimulus that has
qualities of real perception.
Hallucinations are perceptions in the
concious state without any significant
effect on the stimuli sensory
(Maramis,2005)

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

1. Appear preoccupied and unaware of his or
her surrondings
2. Talk to himself or herself
3. Have difficulty understanding or following
conversations, and misinterpret the words
and actions of others
4. May isolate himself or herself or use radio
or other sounds to tune out the voices

HALLUCINATION TYPES
Some of the different types of
hallucination that exist are described
below:
1. Visual hallucination
a person sees something that doesnt
exist or sees it incorrectly. Several
condition can cause visual hallucination
including dementia, migraines, and drugs
or alcohol addiction

2. Auditori hallucination
patient often hear voices talking to
them, but the hallucination may also
take the form of whistling or hissing.
The voices may be saying
complimentary, critical or neutral words
to them.

3. Olfactory hallucination
these hallucinations involve smelling
odours that dont exist. The odours, are
usually unpleasant such as vomit, urin,
feces, smoke. This conditional is also
called phantosmia and can occur as a
result of neurological damage in
olfactory system.

4. Tactile hallucination
when a person senses that they are
being touched when they are not, one of
the most common complaint is the
sensation of bugs crawling offer the
skin. This isassociated with the abuse of
substances such as cocain or
amphetamine.

5. Gustatory hallucination
these are hallucinations that cause a
person to taste something that is not
present.

PREVENTIVES
Hallucinations due to substance abuse can
easily be prevented by consuming little or
no alcohol and harmful drugs. Stress levels
should also be maintaned at manageable
levels. Exercise regularly, at a healthy and
nutritious diet, get lots of sleep and rest
and find means of leisure and recreational
activity every now and then. Always
maintain good mental and emotional health.

CAUSES OF HALLUCINATIONS
1. Being drunk or high, or coming down from such drugs
as cocaine, PCP, amphetamines, heroin,ketamine, and
alcohol
2. Severe dehydration
3. Delirium or dementia
4. Epilepsy that involves a part of the brain called the
temporal lobe ( odor hallucinations are most common)
5. Fever, especially in children and the elderly
6. Narcolepsy and sleep disturbances
7. Psychiatric illnes, such as schizofrenia
8. Sensory problem, such as blindness or deafness

TREATMENTS
Antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic medication may
also be utilized to treat the illness if the symptoms are
severe and cause significant distress. For other causes
of hallucination there is no factual evidence to support
any one treatment is scientifically tested and proven.
Abstaining from hallucinogenic drugs, managing stress
level, leaving healthily, and getting plenty of sleep can
help reduce the prevalence of hallucination.
Visual hallucinations: Cognitive behavioral therapy

Hallucinations patients are usually

treated with antipsychotic medications such
as thiorizadazine, haloperidol, clozapine,
risperidone or chlorpromazine. Madications
are actually enough to control long-term
hallucinations.

CONCLUTION
Hallucinations are perceptions in the
concious state without any significant
effect on the stimuli sensory
(Maramis,2005)

1.
2.
3.
4.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

Appear preoccupied and unaware of his or her
surrondings
Talk to himself or herself
Have difficulty understanding or following
conversations
May isolate himself or herself or use radio, etc.

HALLUCINATION TYPES
1. Visual hallucination
2. Auditori hallucination
3. Olfactory hallucination
4. Tactile hallucination
5. Gustatory hallucination

PREVENTIVES
Exercise regularly
Healthy and nutritious diet
Get lots of sleep and rest
Find means of leisure and recreational activity
Always maintain good mental and emotional health.

TREATMENTS
Antipsychotic medications such
as :
Thiorizadazine
Haloperidol
Clozapine
Risperidone or chlorpromazine.

REFERENCES
Medlineplus. Hallucinations. Retrieved
june 2, 2013.
Canadian mental health asociations.
Hallucinations and delutions: how to
respond. Retrieved februari 10, 2013.