Chapter 1

Introduction to
Chemistry
Milbank High School

Section 1.1
Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
Define chemistry and
differentiate among its
traditional divisions.

Section 1.1
Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
List several reasons to study
chemistry.

What is Chemistry?
The study of matter, its
composition, properties, and the
changes it undergoes. Everyday life?
Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry
to attain certain goals, in fields like
medicine, agriculture, and
manufacturing
Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge
for the sake of knowledge

5 Major Areas of
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry- concerned with
the composition of substances.
Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals
with substances without carbon
Organic Chemistry- essentially all
substances containing carbon
Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things
Physical Chemistry- describes the
behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)

Chemistry is
central to modern science, and to
almost all human endeavors.
important to all sciences - biology,
geology, physics, engineers, etc.
a natural science.
a language with its own vocabulary.
a way of thinking.

Why Study Chemistry?

everyone and everything around
us involves chemistry
What in the world isnt Chemistry?
helps you make choices
possible career for your future
used to attain a specific goal
Do you remember pure and
applied chemistry?

Section 1.2
Chemistry Far and Wide
OBJECTIVES:
Summarize ways in which
chemistry affects your daily life.

Section 1.2
Chemistry Far and Wide
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the impact of
chemistry on various fields of
science.

Chemistry Far and Wide

Materials- perfume, steel,
ceramics, plastics, rubber,
paints, nonstick cooking
utensils, polyester fibers
Energy- greater demands
conserve it, or produce more
fossil fuels, solar, batteries,
nuclear (dont forget pollution!)

Chemistry Far and Wide

Medicine and Biotechnology vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
materials for artery transplants
and hipbones
Human Genome Project
bacteria producing insulin
cloning

Chemistry Far and Wide

Agriculture- worlds food supply
plant growth hormones
ways to protect crops
disease resistant plants

The Environment- both risks and

benefits involved in discoveries
carbon dioxide, ozone, warming

Chemistry Far and Wide

Astronomy and Space
Exploration composition of the planets
analyze moon rocks
planet atmospheres
life on other planets?

Section 1.3
Thinking Like a Scientist
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the steps involved in
the scientific method.

Section 1.3
Thinking Like a Scientist
OBJECTIVES:
Distinguish between a theory
and a scientific law.

The Scientific Method

A logical approach to solving
problems or answering
questions.
Starts with observation- noting
and recording facts
hypothesis- an educated guess
as to the cause of the problem,
or a proposed explanation

Scientific Method
controlled experiment- designed
to test the hypothesis
only two possible answers
hypothesis is right
hypothesis is wrong

Generates data observations from

experiments.
Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

Cycle repeats many

times.
The hypothesis gets
more and more
certain.
Becomes a theory
A thoroughly tested
model that explains
why things behave a
certain way.

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

Theory can never

be proven- due to
new information
Useful because
they predict
behavior
Help us form
mental pictures of
processes
(models)

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment

Another outcome is
that certain behavior
is repeated many
times
Scientific Law is
developed (math?)
Describes how
things behave
Law- tells how
Theory- tells why

Observations
Hypothesis

Theory
(Model)

Modify

Experiment
Prediction

Law

Experiment

Section 1.4
How to Study Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
Explain why learning chemistry
requires daily effort.

Section 1.4
How to Study Chemistry
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the importance of
writing in the study of chemistry.

How to Study Chemistry

Understanding and Applying
Concepts
requires effort on your part
read materials carefully
take thorough notes you can use
study often and effectively
quiet, well-lit, remove distractions

How to Study Chemistry

Understanding and Applying
Concepts
chemistry has a language of its
own, so learn the vocabulary
look around you, and make the
connection to the level of atoms
and molecules

How to Study Chemistry

Using Your Textbook
name chemical compounds
write chemical formulas
interpret graphs
techniques to solve problems

Use your Teacher and

Textbook!

How to Study Chemistry

Using Your Textbook
take good notes
solve Practice Problems
read, keeping objectives in mind
Student Study Guide (p. 24)
section summaries; Key Terms

How to Study Chemistry

On Your Own
go beyond the textbook
make flashcards
reread and rewrite notes
quiz yourself and classmates
form a study group
ASK, ASK, and ASK

How to Study Chemistry

Tests and Quizzes
cramming never a good idea
set aside a certain amount of time
every day
get enough rest daily; nutrition
read tests carefully / thoroughly
do easy problems first
show work, and evaluate answer