The evidence base in school

based career guidance

Tristram Hooley, Presentation to

DfE and Careers Company 25th March 2015

What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

OECD definition
Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to
assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout
their lives, to make educational, training and occupational
choices and to manage their careers
The activities may take place on an individual or group
basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including
help lines and web-based services).
(OECD, 2004)

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Key concepts

Career information
Career advice/career counselling
Career education
Work-related learning

Also
PSHE
Citizenship
Character

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Types of careers support typically

provided by schools

information provision
career assessments and tests
career counselling
careers advice delivered by a non-careers professional
curricular interventions
further study/work-related learning
other extra-curricular interventions
frameworks for reflection

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Three ways of thinking about this

Activity based approach
Service based approach
Curriculum/learning based approach

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Benefits for schools

Attainment
Attendance
Transition
Life and career success

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What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

Key players
Careers
professionals
Teachers

Employers

Effective career support

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Skills of career professionals

Career development theory

Labour market knowledge
Brokerage
Referral
Counselling skills
Career learning pedagogy
Advocacy
Leadership, co-ordination and collaboration
Service design and evaluation

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Teachers roles

Career informant

Tutorial roles

Pastoral support

Teaching roles

Within-subject

Teaching careers

Leadership roles

Careers leader

Senior leader
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Employers
Information, inspiration and advice
Providing opportunities to experience and learn about
work and gain career-related skills
Contributing to careers education activities within schools
such as CV writing workshops, mock interviews and
enterprise programmes.
Providing young people with contacts within the world of
work that may be useful in their career development
(social capital).

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But
This is not core business for them. They have
organisations/businesses to run and jobs to do.
Their knowledge of the world is rich, but is confined
predominantly to their own area of work and industry
sector, and thus has an inherent partiality.
Employers have limited knowledge of the complex
educational choices facing young people.
Employers are unlikely to have in-depth conversations
with individual students about the students own strengths
and interests.

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
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What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

Good career guidance (Gatsby)

A stable careers programme

Learning from career and labour market information
Addressing the needs of each pupil
Linking curriculum learning to careers
Encounters with employers and employees
Experienced of workplaces
Encounters with further and higher education
Personal guidance

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Good career guidance

Professional infrastructure
for careers workers
Involvement of
employers and
post-secondary
learning providers
in the education
system

Quality and
evaluation

Activities and resources

Advice and guidance
Curriculum

Local brokerage
and partnership
organisations

Careers co-ordinator
Senior leader buyin
School
vision

High quality LMI

and resources
www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
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What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

The evidence for employer

engagement
Strong evidence for the value of employer engagement in
schools:
improved pupil motivation
improved contextualisation of learning
improved attainment
smoother transitions
reduction in the proportion of young people who become
NEET

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How it works

Brokerage

Schools

Business

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Schools interests

Providing opportunities for young people

Improving destinations
Meeting expectations for career guidance
Curriculum enrichment

But, at present
Limited drivers and incentives for engaging

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Employers interests

Solving skills
shortages

Recruiting the
right people

Employers
Developing the
workforce

Growing a
responsible brand

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Effective brokerage
Proactive contact
Understand the interests of the organisations being
brokered
Clarify what is required and what will be offered
Interactions should be meaningful and connect to the
wider context of young peoples learning
Employers are a resource, not a service

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What Im going to cover

What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

Enterprise passport
Lots of examples of this
Progress file
PDP and e-portfolios in HE e.g. Pebble Pad
HEAR
Passportfolio
National Careers Service suite of tools
+ Lots of similar initiatives in other countries
Limited success

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Challenges with e-portfolios

Student engagement
Employer awareness and then engagement
Continuity of technology
Transfer from one learning organisation to another
Tensions: recording vs accrediting achievement; reflection
vs communication (to employers)
Competition from social media (do you really need this
when you have Linkedin?)

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Useful ideas
Portfolio building as a digital career literacy skill rather
than e-portfolios as a product
The thin e-portfolio
Where do CVs fit in?
Integration into learning and assessment
Recognising students tendency towards strategic, shortterm and instrumental engagement
Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivations for portfolio building

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Worth reading

Andrews, D. (2011) Careers Education in Schools Stafford: Highflyers

Publishing
Bassot, B., Barnes, A., & Chant, A. (2013). A Practical Guide to Career
Learning and Development. Abingdon: Routledge.
Gatsby Charitable Foundation (2014). Good Career Guidance. London:
Gatsby.
BIS (2014) Understanding the link between employers and schools and the
role of the National Careers Service, Research Paper 206 This is an
authored paper and we should probably include the authors here.
Hutchinson, J. (2012). Career-related learning and science education. School
Science Review, 346: 91-98.
Hutchinson, J. (2013).
School Organisation and STEM Career-related Learning. York: National
STEM Centre.

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
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Also worth reading

Hutchinson, J., & Dickinson, B. (2014). Employers and schools. Local

Economy, 29(3): 236-245.
Mann, A. (2012). Work experience: Impact and delivery - Insights from the
evidence. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.
Mann and Dawkins, 2014b Employer engagement in education: literature
review. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.
Mann, A. and Percy, C. (2013). Employer engagement in British secondary
education: wage earning outcomes experienced by young adults. Journal of
Education and Work. CD

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My work on this subject

Hooley, T. (2014). The Evidence Base on Lifelong Guidance. Jyvskyl, Finland:

European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN).
Hooley, T., Devins, D., Watts, A. G., Hutchinson, J., Marriott, J. and Walton, F. (2012).
Tackling Unemployment, Supporting Business and Developing Careers. London:
UKCES.
Hooley, T., Matheson, J. & Watts, A.G. (2014).
Advancing Ambitions: The role of career guidance in supporting social mobility.
London: Sutton Trust.
Hooley, T., Marriott, J. and Sampson, J.P. (2011).
Fostering College and Career Readiness: How Career Development Activities in Schoo
ls Impact on Graduation Rates and Students' Life Success
. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
Hooley, T., Marriott, J., Watts, A.G. and Coiffait, L. (2012).
Careers 2020: Options for Future Careers Work in English Schools. London: Pearson.
Hooley, T., Watts, A.G., Andrews, D. (2015).
Teachers and Careers: The Role Of School Teachers in Delivering Career and Employab
ility
Learning. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
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Tristram Hooley
Professor of Career Education
International Centre for Guidance Studies
University of Derby
http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
t.hooley@derby.ac.uk
@pigironjoe
Blog at
http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com

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