A

CS
8C5588
8S PRODUCTION

HEAD
JONATHAN
TROJAN
ERDMAN
MANN
ETHNIC
ERIC HUTCHINS
URCHINS

A
STEPHEN
PENIS LENGTH
LIANG
WARM PILL
PORTMAN
WILLS
SNOT

PATS
STEGANOGRAPHY
A HORNY EGG

stegein
to
cover

STEGANOGRAPHY

STEGANOGRAPHY
grafein
to
write

STEGANOGRAPHY

cover * message * stego

STEGANOGRAPHY

Words, Words, Words

English is redundant.
Relative message lengths:
Important Message: 13 Bytes
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes

Dear Friend , Your email address has

been submitted to us indicating your
interest in our newsletter . If you no
longer wish to receive our publications
simply reply with a Subject: of "REMOVE"
and you will immediately be removed from
our club . This mail is being sent in
compliance with Senate bill 2116 , Title
7 , Section 301 ! Do NOT confuse us with
Internet scam artists . Why work for
somebody else when you can become rich
within 13 DAYS ! Have you ever noticed
the baby boomers are more demanding than
their parents and nobody is getting any
younger ! Well, now is your chance to
capitalize on this . WE will help YOU
process your orders within seconds plus
deliver goods right to the customer's
doorstep . The best thing about our
system is that it is absolutely risk
free for you ! But don't believe us ! Mr
Ames who resides in Delaware tried us
and says "My only problem now is where
to park all my cars" ! This offer is
100% legal ! If not for you then for
your loved
loved ones
ones - act now ! Sign up a
friend and you'll get a discount of
50% . Thank-you for your serious
consideration of our offer !

Dear Friend , Your email address has

been submitted to us indicating your
interest in our newsletter . If you no
longer wish to receive our publications
simply reply with a Subject: of "REMOVE"
and you will immediately be removed from
our club . This mail is being sent in
compliance with Senate bill 2116 , Title
7 , Section 301 ! Do NOT confuse us with
Internet scam artists . Why work for
somebody else when you can become rich
within 13 DAYS ! Have you ever noticed
the baby boomers are more demanding than
their parents and nobody is getting any
younger ! Well, now is your chance to
capitalize on this . WE will help YOU
process your orders within seconds plus
deliver goods right to the customer's
doorstep . The best thing about our
system is that it is absolutely risk
free for you ! But don't believe us ! Mr
Ames who resides in Delaware tried us
and says "My only problem now is where
to park all my cars" ! This offer is
100% legal ! If not for you then for
your LOVED
LOVED ONES
ONES - act now ! Sign up a
friend and you'll get a discount of
50% . Thank-you for your serious
consideration of our offer !

Give us an A-

Give us an A+
www.spammimic.com

The auto drives

fast on a slippery
road over the hill
Meeting: 9 oclock
at my home
Over the slope the
car travels
quickly on an icecovered street

http://www.texthide.com/

Ones and Zeros

1s and

0s

Commas in lists
Guns, butter, and brownies
Guns, butter and brownies

Carriage return vs. Line feed (newline)

Carriage return: ASCII 015
Line feed: ASCII 012

Spy Game

1s and 0s

Intercepted communication from German

Spy in WWII

Apparently
p
neutrals
e
protest
r
is
s
h
i
n
thoroughly
discounted
and
ignored.
Isman
hard
hit.
g
s
a
i
Blockade
issue
affects
pretext
r
l
s
f
for
on
o embargo
m
y
n by-products,
ejecting
suets
u
and
n vegetable
e
j
i
oils.

p
h
g
l
o
j
i

e
i
s
s
m

n
u

r
n
a
f
y
n

i
r
e

A Picture is Worth 1,024 Words

Images have a lot of data:
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes
Picture of Dave: 152 KB

Ways to hide information

Least significant bit (BMP)
Palette Shifts (GIF)
Discrete Cosine Transforms (JPG)

Whats
lurking
behind
this pretty
face?

Another
pretty
face.
(And quite a body.)

Another
pretty
face.
(And quite a body.)

Oops! We did it again

Audio files contain even more data:
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes
Picture of Dave: 152 KB
Sneakers Theme: 3,466 KB

Ways to hide information

Least significant bit (RAW)
Complicated stuff we dont understand (MP3)

Detecting Steganography
Statistical properties of

Text
Music
Images
Videos

Concentrate on hiding data in a JPEG

Jay-Pehg
JPEG : Joint Photographic Expert Group
Compression Algorithm
8x8 Pixel
Block

Discrete Cosine
Transformation

Quantizer

Binary
Encoder

100100

Discrete WHAT?!
Discrete Cosine Transform
8x8 Pixel
k 2
Block

k1

2i 1 cos
2 j 1
B (k1 , k 2 ) 4 A(i, j ) cos
i 0 j 0
2 N1

2N2

N1 1 N 2 1

Transforms 8x8 blocks into 64 DCT coefficients

FIRST coefficient is the most important
41 30

98 -6

26 18

Quantize THIS!
Lossy Compression
Values increase as you move down
98 -6

11

33 -1

17

DCT

QUA

33 -1

VALUE

Quantized value = Round ( DCT / QUA )

JPEG = Discard zeros

JPG

Binary me!
Convert to binary in a zigzag

33

-1

0100001
0000000
1000001
0000000

Hide and go seek

Where do you hide the message?

Detecting Steganography

http://www.citi.umich.edu/u/provos/cv.html

J-Steg vs. Masker

StegDetect can find stego created in
JSteg
Cannot detect stego created in Masker
StegDetect knows what to look for
J-Steg
JPHide
Outguess
not Masker (or anything else)

The Verdict
Detecting steganographic content in any
cover is hard.
Only one documented case of uncovering
a wild stego.

Secret Number 1
Binary gesture
1000011
1010011
0110101
0111000
0111000

C
S
5
8
8

Secret Number 2
Remember
the music
from the
introduction?

Policy-Directed Code Safety

by
David E. Evans
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1994)
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1994)
Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
February 2000
(C) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1999.
reserved.

All rights

Author......................................................
David Evans
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
October 19, 1999

Secret Number 3
What the heck is up with the cups?
Absolutely nothing.

The Verdict
Too many images, MP3s, spams, pictures
of David Evans on the Internet.
Too many possible algorithms.
In conlusion:

too
setec
many
astronomy
secrets

Special assistants
Casting
STARRINGby
to Mr. Erdman
(inDavid
Whitfield
alphabetical
Evans,Diffie
C.S.A.
order):
Maartin Hellman
SOUNDTRACK
Jonathan Erdman
LISTING
Special assistants
Eric Hutchins
to Mr. Hutchins
Charles
Stephen
Main Title
Babbage
Liang
Sneakers: Original
Portman
Alan
Motion
Turing
Wills
Picture Soundtrack
James Horner, Branford Marsalis
Special assistants to Mr. Liang
GUEST
1812
Ron
APPEARANCES
Overture
Rivest
BY:
Pytor Ilyich
Adi Shamir
Tchaikovsky
The London
Leonard
David
Symphony
Evans
Adleman
Orchestra
Royal
DavidAlbert
E. Evans
Hall,face
1993
Special
Britney
assistants
Spears
to Body
Mr. Wills
Claude Shannon
Martin Bishop
SPECIAL
Mother
THANKS TO: