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Stress and
Adaptation
Homeostasis
Physiologic Homeostasis
4 components of
homeostasis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Self-regulation: automatic
homeostasis
Compensatory
Regulated by negative feedback
mechanisms
Requires several feedback
mechanisms to correct only one
physiologic imbalance
Psychologic Homeostasis
FEEDBACK
The
Negative feedback
Inhibits
change
Positive feedback
Stimulates change
STRESS
Is
Stressor
Sources of stressors
Coping
a
Adaptation
the
process by which
human system modifies
itself to conform to the
environment. It is a change
that results from response
to stress.
Stress Characteristics
Universal
It
affects physiologic
homeostasis
Emotional: affects feelings towards self
Social: alters relationships with others
Intellectual: influences perception and
problem solving activities
Spiritual: Affects ones belief and values
Response-based Model
Hans Selye:
The nonspecific response of
the body to any kind of
demand made upon it.
Eustress: has ________ effects
Distress: has ________ effects
Local Adaptation
Syndrome
Bodys
local reaction
One organ or part of the
body reacts alone
Stage of ALARM-initial
reaction
A.
Stage of Resistance:
The
Stage of Exhaustion
Disorganized thougth
Hallucinations
decreased immune
system
HYPOTHALAMUS
SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ADRENAL
MEDULLA
Adrenal-Cortical System
ADRENAL
CORTEX
PITUITARY
GLAND
FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
Psychologic Response to
Stress
Coping strategies
A
A
A
4 levels of Anxiety
1.
4 levels of Anxiety
2.
Moderate:
Voice
tremors/pitch changes
Facial twitches
Increased muscle tension
Narrowed focus of attention
Learning slightly impaired
Slightly increased RR and HR
Mild gastric symptoms
4 levels of Anxiety
3.
Severe:
Communication
difficult to understand
Increased motor activity, inability to relax
Fearful facial expression
Easily distracted
Learning severely impaired
Tachycardia, hyperventilation
Headache, dizziness, nausea
4 levels of Anxiety
4.
Panic
Not
understandable
Agitation
Perception distorted or exaggerated
Unable to learn or function
Dyspnea, palpitations
Choking, chest pain
Feeling of impending doom
Paresthesia, sweating
Relaxation
Deep breathing
Progressive muscle relaxation
Meditation
Anticipatory guidance
Guided imagery
Biofeedback
Exercise
Rest and sleep
Nutrition
Use of support systems
Use of stress management
techniques
the problem
List alternatives
Choose from among
alternatives
Implement the plan
Evaluate the outcome