Professional Documents
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An Introduction
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GIS--What is it?
No easy answer anymore!
Geographic Information
information about places on the earths surface
knowledge about what is where when
(Dont forget time!)
GIS--whats in the S?
Systems: the technology
Science: the concepts and theory
Studies: the societal context
Science
comprehending the underlying conceptual issues of
representing data and processes in space-time
the science (or theory and concepts) behind the technology
Studies
understanding the social, legal and ethical issues associated
with the application of GISy and GISc
enabler of studies
2002
object of study
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Environmental Sciences
Monitoring environmental risk
Modeling stormwater runoff
Management of watersheds,
floodplains, wetlands, forests,
aquifers
Environmental Impact Analysis
Hazardous or toxic facility
siting
Groundwater modeling and
contamination tracking
Political Science
Redistricting
Analysis of election results
Predictive modeling
Civil Engineering/Utility
Locating underground
facilities
Designing alignment for
freeways, transit
Coordination of infrastructure
maintenance
Business
Demographic Analysis
Market Penetration/ Share
Analysis
Site Selection
Education Administration
Real Estate
Neighborhood land prices
Traffic Impact Analysis
Determination of Highest and
Best Use
Health Care
Epidemiology
Needs Analysis
Service Inventory
Public safety
Crime analysis, fire prevention, emergency management
Transportation
Airline route planning, transportation modeling
map production
calculation of areas, distances, route lengths
measurement of slope, aspect, viewshed
logistics: route planning, vehicle tracking, traffic management
allow for the integration of data hitherto confined to independent domains (e.g
property maps and air photos).
by tieing data to maps, permits the succinct communication of complex spatial
patterns (e.g environmental sensitivity).
provides answers to spatial queries (how many elderly in Richardson live
further than 10 minutes at rush hour from ambulance service?)
perform complex spatial modelling (what if scenarios for transportation
planning, disaster planning, resource management, utility design)
Geography
and related:
cartography
geodesy
landforms
spatial statistics.
Application Area:
GIS
public admin.
planning
geology
mineral exploration
forestry
site selection
marketing
civil engineering
criminal justice
Contributors to GIS: I
The convergence of technogical fields and traditional disciplines
Geography
Broadly concerned with
understanding the world and man's
place in it
long tradition in spatial analysis
provides techniques for conducting
spatial analysis
Cartography
concerned with the display of spatial
information
maps have been a major source of
information input for GIS
long tradition in map design which is
an important output from GIS
Remote Sensing
images from air and space are a
major (& growing) source of spatial
data
low cost and consistent update of
input data anywhere in the world
remote sensing software contains
sophisticated analytical functions
interpreted data from remote sensing
can be merged with other GIS data
Photogrammetry
uses aerial photographs for making
accurate spatial measurements
source of most data on topography
(elevation) used in GIS
Contributors to GIS: II
The convergence of technogical fields and traditional disciplines
Surveying
provides high quality data on
positions of land boundaries,
buildings, etc.
Geodesy
Statistics
many GIS models are statistical
many statistical techniques used in GIS
analysis
statistics important to understanding issues
of error and uncertainty in GIS data
Operations Research
ude
lati
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longitude
hydrology
lati
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ude
longitude
topography
longitude
--roads,
--hydrology (water),
--topography (land elevation)
They can be related because precise
geographic coordinates are recorded
for each theme.
Layers may be represented in two ways:
in vector format as lines
in raster(image) format as pixels
Data Input
Query Input
Output: Display
and Reporting
Geographic
Database
Transformation
and Analysis
Course Content
Part I: Overview
What is GIS
Fundamental GIS Concepts and
Primary Software
Hands-on Intro to ArcGIS
(lab sessions @ 4:00-7:00pm or 7:0010:00pm)
Data Quality
The essential ingredient
Hands-on Projects
Locating a Day-care
Pipeline Routing
data selection, buffering and spatial analysis
another major application: corridor studies
Thank You