Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
Kanishq Baweja
Karan Krishna
Contents
Radioactivity
Types
Sources
Radioactive Pollution
Health Effects
Stochastic
Non-Stochastic
Control Measures
Cell Phone Radiation
What is Radioactivity?
Radioactivity is a phenomenon of
spontaneous emission of proton (aparticles), electrons (-particles)
and ?-rays (short wave
electromagnetic waves) due to
disintegration of atomic nuclei of
some elements. These cause
radioactive pollution.
Nuclear weapons
Reactors and Nuclear fuel
Radioactive isotopes used for scientific
research( carbon 14 iodine 125 etc.)
Waste waters containing these wastes
X-rays used in medical practices
Ultra violet rays present in solar radiations
Mining and refining of plutonium and
thorium
Stochastic Health
Effects
Stochastic effects are associated with longterm, low-level (chronic) exposure to radiation.
Increased levels of exposure make these health
effects more likely to occur, but do not
influence the type or severity of the effect.
Cancer is considered by most people the primary health
Stochastic Effects
Depolymerization of DNA
Denaturation of proteins
Induce mutations and cancer
Radioactive substances in food chain
cause retarded growth, leukemia and
bone cancer.
Causes sterility
Increases infant mortality rate
Exposure
(rem)
Health Effect
5-10
50
Nausea
55
fatigue
70
vomiting
75
hair loss
90
diarrhea
100
hemorrhage
400
possible death
1,000
2,000
Time to Onset
(without treatment)
hours
2-3 weeks
within 2 months
1-2 weeks
minutes
and death
hours to days
Control measures
Cancer
Brain tumors
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
Fatigue
Headaches