Career Development The

Policy Conversation
Professor Tristram Hooley

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Overview
What is career development?
Policy rationales
The evidence base
Policy instruments
Issues for New Zealand

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Overview
What is career development?
Policy rationales
The evidence base
Policy instruments
Issues for New Zealand

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
www.derby.ac.uk

www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
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A career

The individuals
passage through life,
learning and work.
Career is democratic not hierarchical.

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OECD definition
Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to
assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout
their lives, to make educational, training and occupational
choices and to manage their careers
The activities may take place on an individual or group
basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including
help lines and web-based services).
(OECD, 2004)

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Where does career development take

place?

Schools
Colleges/VET
Universities
Public employment service and careers services
Employment
Trade unions and professional associations
Private sector (individuals buying career support)

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Across the world

Career education and development exists all over the
world.
Detailed reviews have been conducted in 55 countries.
There is lots to learn from this experience.

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Important differences

Different labour
markets
Different education
systems
Different cultures

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Overview

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Key policy challenges

Active ageing.
Active labour markets.
Economic development
Efficient investment in
education and training
Employee engagement
Labour market efficiency
Labour market
flexibility/flexicurity.

Lifelong learning
Mobility
Participation in vocational and
higher education.
Reducing early schoolleaving.
Skills utilisation
Social equity
Social inclusion
Unemployment
Youth transitions

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Rationale for career development

It benefits both the individual and society.
It supports a range of policy goals
Learning and education
Employment and the economy
Social mobility and social equity.
It benefits a range of stakeholders including individuals,
employers, public employment services, schools and other
education providers.
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Relating to different policy interests

Career development is a soft policy instrument that is
designed to maximise the efficiency of market systems.
Career development can appeal to both right and left.
It is flexible and can include different elements being
emphasised e.g. addressing social exclusion, supporting the
smooth functioning of the market.

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Overview

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Summarising the evidence base: focus

on the individual

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Summarising the evidence base:

support learning and progression

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Summarising the evidence base:

ensuring quality

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10 evidence-based principles for the

design of lifelong guidance services

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Overview

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Effective career development policy

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Policy instruments

National career development strategy

Co-ordination and planning
National service provision
Regulation and perscription
Career management skills framework
Quality assurance (professional and service standards)
Stimulating citizen demand (marketing and campaigns)

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Building a career development culture

Training and education
Continuing professional development
A community of practice
Conferences
Online discussions
A professional association?

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Overview

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Issues for New Zealand

What is the level of policy interest in this field?
How can it be increased?
Relationship between career development in education
and work/public and private sector?
Role of the profession?
Role of Careers New Zealand?
Strategies, documents and frameworks?
Where next?

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Useful references
European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (2012). Lifelong Guidance Policy
Development: A European Resource Kit. Jyvskyl, Finland: ELGPN.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004a). Career Guidance and
Public Policy: Bridging the Gap. Paris: OECD.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004b). Career Guidance: A
Handbook for Policy Makers. Paris: OECD.
Watts, A.G. (2005). Career guidance policy: An international review. Career Development
Quarterly, 54(1): 66-76.
Watts, A.G. (2009). The Relationship of Career Guidance to VET. Paris: OECD.
Watts, A.G. (2010). National all-age career guidance services: Evidence and Issues.
British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 38(1): 31-44.
Sultana, R. (2009). Career Guidance Policies: Global Dynamics, Local Resonances.
iCeGS Occasional Paper. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies.
Watts, A.G., Bezanson, L., & McCarthy, J. (2014).
The international symposia on career development and public policy: retrospect and prospe
ct.
Australian Journal of Career Development. Online First.
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Some of my research

Hooley, T. (2012).
How the internet changed career: framing the relationship between career development and online
technologies
. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling (NICEC), 29: 3-12.
Hooley, T. (2013). Career Development in Canada. Derby: International Centre for Guidance
Studies, University of Derby.
Hooley, T. (2014). The Evidence Base on Lifelong Guidance. Jyvskyl, Finland: European
Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN).
Hooley, T., Watts, A.G., Andrews, D. (2015).
Teachers and Careers: The Role Of School Teachers in Delivering Career and Employability
Learning. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
Hooley, T., Watts, A. G., Sultana, R. G. and Neary, S. (2013). The 'blueprint' framework for career
management skills: a critical exploration. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 41(2): 117131.
Neary, S., Marriott, J. and Hooley, T. (2014).
Understanding a 'career in careers': learning from an analysis of current job and person specificati
ons
. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies. University of Derby.
Taylor, A.R. & Hooley, T. (2014).
Evaluating the impact of career management skills module and internship programme within a unive
rsity business school.
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(5): 487-499.

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Tristram Hooley
Professor of Career Education
International Centre for Guidance Studies
University of Derby
http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
t.hooley@derby.ac.uk
@pigironjoe
Blog at
http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com
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