The Age of

Industrialization

Contents
A) Industrialization 1850s-1950s
contrast between the form of
industrialization in Britain and India
B)Relationship between handicrafts
and industrial production, formal and
informal sectors
C)Livelihood of workers
D) Case studies: Britain and India
2

Proto- industrialization
Early form of industrialization

Guild: A group of craftsman who follow

same craft rules to protect the
interest of its member

Victorian Britain
Britain during the period of Queen
Victoria

Night Refugees
Night shelter for homeless people

Vagrant
A PERSON WHO HAS NO REGULAR
JOB OR PERMANENT HOME

GOMASTHA
An agent of the East India Company
to supervise weavers and collect
supplies

Objectives
-To discuss two different patterns of
industrialization, one in the imperial country and
the other within a colony
-Show the relationship between different sectors of
production
-Students should be able to explain the difference
between life of workers in England and Indian
weavers
-To make the students to know about the proto
industrialization in which merchants from towns
and cities started to move towards the countryside
-Students should be able to understand the
reasons of movement of villagers for livelihood in
the towns and cities
9

Industrial Revolution in other

Parts of Europe
It spread to France, Italy, Belgium between
1825-1830 In other countries it spread during
1850 and 1870 Industrialization spread at the
expense of domestic handicrafts. New working
1.Class came up
2.Improvements,
ventions,researches,experiments were
made.Many new industries emerged like iron
and steel,glass,pottery,building etc.
3.Life style of workers was changing
10

Impact of Industrialization
It increased National wealth,
capitalism and international
economic dependence.{For exampleEngland was dependent on its
colonies for raw materials to feed its
industries] change in life style,
increase in trade was seen. There
was improvment in the standard of
living
11

Effects on Social Life

Migration of labour or working class
to cities and towns .their living
conditions were poor.Increase in
population and unemployment was
also there in many cities.

12

Difference between the

Industrialization In Britain and
India

Britain used its own capital but in

India foreign capital was used in
large industries.Britain established
heavy industries.India saw no
development in this field because of
British rule
Policies Of Britain were against the
development of industries in India.

13

India and Modern Industries

After 1850 two industries were
established.These were cotton and
jute textile mills. Others were iron
and steel, cement, paper, rubber,
sugar, glass, chemical, tanning and
furniture.

14

Handicrafts of india
It was present in indian villages and
the towns even before the British
rule. Indian crafts were famous in
Europe. The British ruined it. This
happened because of industrial
policies of British. British wanted to
protect its own industries.

15

Handicraft and industrial

production
The British tried to destroy
handicraft. No help was given to it.
But after the British rule was over.
Our government is trying to promote
handicrafts. Many items have been
reserved for small scale and cottage
industries.
It is also providing employment to
many people
16

Livelihood of the Workers

Because of industrial revolution two
classes were created
1)Capitalists 2)Working Class. They
had differences between them. So,
trade unions& labours laws were
made for the improvement of labour
class in later stage

17

18

INDIA AS A CASE OF COLONIAL

ECONOMY
1. Initially industries in colonies faced a tough
competition with well established industries of
mother country
2. Their first industrial workers were the villagers,
poor city dwellers and poor women & children
3. India as a colony had some remarkable
entrepreneur such as Dwarkanath tagore,
J.N.Tata and Biralas
4. They used religious & historical figures as levels
for marketing
5. Later when the national struggle gathered
momentum the swadeshi themes were included
19

Contents (Learning unit 1)

A) The coming up of the Factory
B)The pace of industrial change

Methodology
The lesson will be developed on the basis
of previous knowledge of students with
their active participation
Material Required:--------------------------- Pictures of various new machines can be
used to tell the students about their
invention and their roles in the production.
For example-fly shuttle,waterframe,cotton
gin, power loom etc

Points to be Discussed
Even before factories began to work in
England and Europe, there was large scale
production for an international market
Trend of merchants to move towards the
villages to encourage the workers to work
for them.
Proto industrial system was controlled by
merchants and goods were produced by a
vast number of producers in their own
villages

 A series of inventions in the 18th

century increased the production
New machines were put in the mills
so that all the processes could bring
together under one roof and
management

Conclusion
This unit tells us that mass
production was there in the villages
for international markets
Inventions of machines are
responsible for set up of more and
more industries

Home Assingnment
Q1- What role did guilds play in
towns in Britain before
industrialisation?
Q2- What were the features of Protoindustrialisation?

Application in life
The students will be able to
appreciate the value of human
efforts and enterprise and this
enables them to find their own
capabilities and their specific uses

Hot Question

Project
Students can be asked to collect
information about the invention of
new machines during the period of
1730 to1830