Ospf

Module 4
OSPF Overview and

Configuration
LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Module 4 - 1 OSPF Overview and Configuration
Module Objectives
Define OSPF, features, advantages over RIP

Describe OSPF LSA, format and Types
Define LSDB, Initial synchronization, database
exchange & reliable flooding
Describe Routing Calculations, supported network type
& Database Synchronization
Describe how to build OSPF Networks
Define the OSPF routing, areas, router types and virtual
Links
Differentiate DR, BDR, Router Election
OSPF Configuration and Examples
Lab Exercises
Summary

Define OSPF
Dynamic Routing Protocol
Link State Protocol
Employ a distributed database model
More efficient than RIP

The OSPF Advantage
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol (IGP)

that is more efficient than RIP.
Consumes fewer network resources

Highly scalable
Faster convergence
A more descriptive routing metric
Route load sharing
Greater security

Link-state Protocol
Employ a distributed database model.
model
Each router advertises a description of its local
environment
interfaces
costs
neighbor information
Uses a single synchronized database for

collecting advertisements (LSDB)
LSDB
Routing table is derived from this database
Utilize a shortest-path first algorithm
OSPF is a Link-state routing protocol

Basic Features of OSPF

Hello Packets
Link State Advertisements (LSA)
Link State Database
Reliable Flooding
Shortest Path First Routing Calculations
Areas and Inter-area Routing

OSPF Hello Packet & Neighbor Discover

OSPF Hello packets are sent out all of a
routers interfaces to advertise itself to
neighbor routers
A router learns about its neighbors when it
receives neighbor routers Hello packet
Hello packets are sent out every 10 seconds
by default
If subsequent Hello packet is not received
within 40 seconds,
seconds neighbor relationship is
terminated

OSPF Hello Packets

Will only be recognized by routers attached
to the same subnet with same subnet mask
Contains information on parameters for
Hello Interval and

Router Dead Interval
This information is used by neighbor routers

to agree on the communication variables
This allows an occasional lost Hello packet
not to be interpreted as a link down
condition.

OSPF Hello Packets (cont.)
In a broadcast environment, it contains the

OSPF router IDs of all routers the sender has
heard up to the point of transmission
This reduces overhead of sending multiple

Hellos
Ensure that the OSPF link is bi-directional
NOTE: An OSPF router will not forward data

packets over a unidirectional link.

Link State Advertisement (LSA)
Each OSPF router is responsible for

describing its local piece of the routing
topology through the transmission of linkstate advertisements.
Every thirty minutes a router will -- even in

the absence of any change, retransmit this
self-originating data in the event it may have
been lost or corrupted in a neighbor routers
tables.

OSPF LSA Format

LS Age
O p t io n s
All OSPF LSAs start

with a 20-byte common
header
This provides orderly

updating and removal of
LSAs and organization to
the LSDB
LS T ype
L in k S t a t e I D
A d v e r tis in g R o u t e r
LS S equence N um ber
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Format - LS Age

LS Age
O p tio n s
Number of seconds since

the LSA was originated
normally 0 - 30 mins.
If LSA reaches 30 minutes,

originating router will
refresh the LSA by flooding
a new instance.
If LSA reaches 1 hour, it is

deleted from the database.
LS T ype
L in k S t a te I D
A d v e r t is in g R o u t e r
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Format - LS Type
Classifies the LSA

according to function
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5
Type 7
LS Age
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S t a t e ID
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Format - Link State ID

A unique identification
Used to describe a router
in the OSPF routing
domain
Depends on the LS Type
LS Age
O p t io n s
LS T ype
A d v e r tis in g R o u te r
Type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Format - Advertising Router

LS Age
O p t io n s
The originating routers

OSPF router ID
In practice, this is one of

the routers IP address
LS Type
L in k S ta t e ID
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Format - LS Sequence Number
A linear sequence number
LS Age
O p t io n s
Used to compare a new

LSA with an old LSA
LS Type
The LSA instance having

the larger LS Sequence
Number is considered to
be more recent.

LS C hecksum
L e n g th
LSA Format - LS Checksum

LS Age
O p t io n s
Used to detect data

corruption.
Does not include LS

Age field
Derived using Fletcher

checksum algorithm
LS Type
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LSA Types
Type Number
Description
1
2
3
4
5
7
Router-LSAs
Network-LSAs
Summary-LSAs (IP network)
Summary-LSAs (ASBR)
AS external-LSAs
NSSA external-LSAs

LS Type 1 - Router-LSAs
Generated by each OSPF
router
It describes the routers set
of active interfaces, its
associated cost and any
neighbor information
Link State ID is set to the
routers OSPF Router ID
Flooded throughout a
single area only

LS Age
O p t io n s
LS Type
L in k S ta t e I D
LS C hecksum
L e n g th
LS Type 2 - Network-LSAs
Generated by OSPF Designated Routers (DRs)
Describes a network segment - i.e., broadcast

domain along with the IDs of all currently attached
routers.
Link State ID field lists the IP interface address of

the DR
LS Age
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S ta te ID
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LS Type 3 - Summary-LSAs (IP Network)
This originate from Area

Border Routers (ABRs)
LS Age
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S ta t e I D
Supports hierarchical
routing through the use
of OSPF areas
Link State ID field is an
IP network number

LS C hecksum
L e n g th
LS Type 4 - Summary-LSAs (ASBR)
This originate from Area

Border Routers (ABRs)
Similar to LS Type 3
Used when destination is
an Autonomous System
Boundary Router (ASBR)
LS Age
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S ta t e I D
LS C hecksum
The Link State ID is the AS

boundary routers OSPF
Router ID

L e n g th
LS Type 5 - AS-external-LSAs
LS Age
Originated by AS boundary
routers and describes
destinations ex-ternal to
the AS.
Link State ID field specify
an IP network number
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S ta t e I D
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

LS Type 7 - NSSA external-LSAs
Allows the import of

external routes that
will not be advertised
out of the NSSA
LS Age
O p tio n s
LS Type
L in k S t a t e ID
NSSA - Not So Stubby

Area
LS C hecksum
L e n g th

Router LSA Format - Link ID
R o u te r T y p e
N u m b e r o f L in k s
L in k I D
L in k 1
L in k D a t a
L in k T y p e
# T O S M e t r ic s
M e t r ic
L in k I D
L in k 2 ,
e tc .
L in k D a t a
L in k T y p e
M e t r ic
Originating routers link

information follows the LSA
header.
There are four Link IDs
determined by Link Type.
Type 1 Neighboring routers Router ID
Three of this Link ID are

relevant in a broadcast
network
Link
type Description
Link ID
2
Link to transit network Interface address of
Designated Router
3
Link to stub network
IP network number
4
Virtual link
Neighbor Router ID

Router LSA Format - Link Data
For transit and Virtual

Links
specifies the IP address

of associated router
interface.
R o u te r T y p e
L in k ID
L in k 1
L in k D a ta
L in k T y p e
For stub networks
Specifies the stub

network mask
M e t r ic
L in k ID
L in k 2 ,
e tc .
L in k D a ta
L in k T y p e
M e t r ic

Router LSA Format - Metric

The cost of using this
router link.
A user-configurable value
from 1 - 65,535
The larger the metric, the
less likely (more
expensive) data will be
routed over that particular
link.
Connections to STUB
networks are allowed to
advertise a metric of zero.
R o u te r T y p e
L in k I D
L in k 1
L in k D a t a
L in k T y p e
# T O S M e tr ic s
M e tr ic
L in k I D
L in k 2 ,
e tc .
L in k D a t a
L in k T y p e
# T O S M e tr ic s
M e tr ic

Link-State Database (LSDB)

The collection of all OSPF LSAs received
Each OSPF router has an identical LSDB
Gives complete description of the network:
routers
network segments
interconnectivity (how it is interconnected)
LSDBs are exchanged between neighboring

routers soon after routers discover each
other
Maintained through a procedure called
reliable flooding

LSDB Initial Synchronization
When two neighbors first start

communicating, they must synchronize their
databases before forwarding traffic over
their shared link to prevent routing loops
from occurring.
S w itc h A
S w itc h B
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 4
S y n c h r o n iz e D a ta b a s e s

OSPF-specified Database Exchange
Procedure used by the routers to

synchronize their databases once the hello
protocol determines a bi-directional
connection between router neighbors.
During synchronization, the neighbor routers

do three things:
Forward current LSA headers

Compares the header received to the LSDB
Request the full LSA for new or newer headers

Example LSDB Initial Synchronization

s w it c h e
S u m m it 4
s w it c h d
S u m m it 4
Switches A thru F are

in a stable OSPF
network and have fully
synchronized
databases
S w it c h A
S u m m it 4
S w it c h F
S u m m it 4
s w it c h c
S u m m it 4
s w it c h b
S u m m it 4

OSPF is restarted on
Switch F, forcing
database
synchronization with
switch A.
Example LSDB Initial Synchronization

S w it c h A
S w itc h F
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 4
O S P F H e llo
O S P F H e llo : I h e a r d S w itc h
A
D a ta b a s e D e s c r ip tio n : S e q u e n c e = X
B id ir e c t io n a lit y e s ta b lis h e d
D a ta b a s e E x c h a n g e s e q u e n c e n u m b e r c re a te d
D a t a b a s e D e s c r ip t io n : S e q u e n c e = X w ith 6 L S A h e a d e r s
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h A , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h d , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h b , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 b 2 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h e , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h c , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h F , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 )
D a t a b a s e D e s c r ip t io n : S e q u e n c e = X + 1
L S A h e a d e r = ( r o u te r L S A , s w itc h F , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 )
D a t a b a s e D e s c r ip t io n : S e q u e n c e = X + 1
S e q u e n c e n u m b e r in c r e m e n t e d , a c k n o w le d g e s p r e v io u s
e x c h a n g e p a ir
e m p t y d a t a b a s e d e s c r ip t io n p a c k e t u s e d f o r
a c k n o w le d g e m e n t
L in k S t a te R e q u e s t P a c k e t fo r th e f o llo w in g L S A s :
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h d )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h e )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h F )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h A )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h b )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h c )
R o u te r r e q u e s ts a ll L S A s n o t in its lo c a l d a ta b a s e
L in k S t a t e U p d a t e p a c k e t f o r t h e f o llo w in g L S A s :
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h A , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h d , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h b , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 b 2 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h e , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 )
( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h c , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 ) ( R o u te r L S A , S w itc h F , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 )
L in k S t a te U p d a te p a c k e t, L S A =
( r o u te r L S A , s w it c h F , 0 x 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 )

U p d a t e d L S A f o r s w it c h F w it h la r g e r s e q u e n c e n u m b e r
OSPF Database - Reliable Flooding
LSA Updates are periodically generated by

a router wishing to update a self-originated
LSA because:
The routers local state may have changed

The router wants to delete one of its selforiginated LSAs
Used to propagate LSA Updates throughout

the routing domain

Reliable Flooding - What Happens

A router will generate a Link-state Update
packet containing one or more LSAs
Update is forwarded out all interfaces.
Neighbor router receives the Update and
compares the LSAs with the LSDB
More recent LSAs are installed in LSDB
Acknowledgement is sent back to
originating route
New Link-state Update containing the LSA is
sent out all interfaces except receiving one.

OSPF Routing Calculations
With router LSDBs synchronized for all

routers in routing domain
The router will use Dijkstras Shortest Path First

algorithm
This allows calculation of shortest paths to all

destinations
Routing table is constructed from the

calculations and includes
network destinations
associated costs

Every link carries an associated cost.

S w it c h H
S w itc h I
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S w itc h E
S u m m it 1
S w itc h G
S u m m it 4 8
S w it c h J
S u m m it 4 8
1
5
S w itc h F
S w itc h D
S u m m it 4 8
S w it c h K
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 1
2
S w itc h C
S u m m it 4
S w it c h A
S u m m it 4 8

S w it c h B
S u m m it 4 8

S h o r te s t P a th F ir s t C a lc u la tio n fo r S w itc h " C "
I t e r a t io n
D e s t in a t io n A d d e d t o
S h o rte s t-P a th T re e
C a n d id a te L is t D e s tin a tio n
(c o s t, n e x t h o p s )
S w itc h C
S
S
S
S
S w itc h A
S w it c h B ( 1 , S w it c h B )
S w itc h D ( 2 , S w itc h D )
S w it c h E ( 2 , S w it c h E )
S w itc h B
S w itc h D ( 2 , S w itc h D )
S w it c h E ( 2 , S w it c h E )
S w itc h D
S
S
S
S
w
w
w
w
it c h E ( 2 , S w it c h E )
itc h I (3 , S w itc h D )
itc h J (3 , S w itc h D )
itc h K (3 , S w itc h D )
S
S
S
S
S
S
w
w
w
w
w
w
it c h I ( 3 , S w it c h D )
it c h J ( 3 , S w it c h D )
it c h K ( 3 , S w it c h D )
itc h F (3 , S w itc h E )
itc h G (3 , S w itc h E )
itc h H (3 , S w itc h E )
S w itc h E
6
7
8
9
10
S
S
S
S
S
11
S w itc h I
w
w
w
w
w
itc h
itc h
itc h
itc h
itc h
w
w
w
w
itc h
itc h
itc h
itc h
I
J
K
F
G

E m p ty
A
B
D
E
(1 ,
(1 ,
(2 ,
(2 ,
Sw
Sw
Sw
Sw
itc h
itc h
itc h
it c h
A)
B)
D)
E)
Applying Dijkstras SPF algorithm, Switch Cs routing table

would incorporate the highlighted links
S w itc h H
S w itc h I
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S w itc h E
S u m m it 1
S w itc h G
S u m m it 4 8
S w it c h J
S u m m it 4 8
1
5
S w itc h F
S w itc h D
S u m m it 4 8
S w itc h K
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 1
Note that Switch A will

never talk directly to
Switch B as long as the
links thru Switch C
remain stable.
S w itc h C
S u m m it 4
S w it c h A
S u m m it 4 8

S w itc h B
S u m m it 4 8

Note how changing a link cost affects the route
calculation for the shortest path
S w it c h H
S w it c h I
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S w it c h E
S u m m it 1
S w it c h G
S u m m it 4 8
S w it c h J
S u m m it 4 8
1
3
S w it c h F
S w it c h D
S u m m it 4 8
S w itc h K
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 1
Communication with
Switch B is no longer
direct, but must routed
thru Switch A.
S w it c h A
4
S w it c h C
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 4 8

S w itc h B
S u m m it 4 8
With this configuration,

Switch C now has two
paths of equal cost to
communicate with
Switch J.
OSPF Network Types
Point-to-Point networks
Non-broadcast Multi-access (NBMA)

networks
X.25, ATM
Point-to-Multipoint networks
Serial lines
Frame Relay
Broadcast networks

OSPF Network Type - Broadcast

Networks
A network with more than two attached
devices
Has the ability to address a single physical
message to all of the attached devices
(broadcast)
1 0 .1 .1 .1
1 0 .1 .1 .3
1 0 .1 .1 .2

1 0 .1 .1 .5
1 0 .1 .1 .4
OSPF Network Type - Broadcast

Networks
Only network type supported by Extreme switches
Other Network Types are for WAN use
1 0 .1 .1 .1
1 0 .1 .1 .3
1 0 .1 .1 .2

1 0 .1 .1 .5
1 0 .1 .1 .4
Broadcast Networks Terminology

DR - Designated Router
BDR - Backup DR
DR and BDR Election
Network LSAs

Broadcast Networks - Designated Router

Every broadcast network has a Designated
Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router
(BDR)
Each router on the network exchanges link
state information only with the DR and BDR.
This information is used to maintain database

synchronization between the DR and neighbor
routers
This reduces the amount of traffic otherwise

consumed by routing protocol traffic
Only a DR generates a LS Type 2 - NetworkLSAs

DR and BDR Election

First OSPF router on an IP subnet always
becomes the DR
Second OSPF router always becomes BDR
If DR or BDR fail, the OSPF router with the
highest Router Priority will replace the BDR
If two OSPF routers have same Router
Priority, then the OSPF Router ID will break
the tie
A Router Priority of 0 will prevent an OSPF
router from ever being elected as DR or BDR

Database Synchronization
An OSPF router will send its Link State

Update (LSU) to the DR and BDR
The destination IP address for the LSU will be

multicast address 224.0.0.6 (All DRouters).
The DR will then flood the update to all

OSPF routers
The destination IP address for the LSU will be

multicast address 224.0.0.5 (All OSPFRouters).

Representing Broadcast Subnet in LSDB
If an OSPF router included all known routers on a

common subnet in its router-LSA, there would be
n*(n-1) links in the OSPF database.
By using a new LSA type, the Network-LSA,

Network-LSA to
represent the broadcast subnet, the number of links
is reduced from n*(n-1) to n*2.
Each network LSA has a link to every router-LSA,

and every router-LSA has a link to the broadcast
subnets network-LSA.
DR maintains the network-LSA

Type 2: Network LSAs

LS Age
O p t io n s
Created in order to
reduce the number of
links in each routers
resulting LSDB
Describes the subnet,

all routers on that
network DR identity
LS T ype
LS C hecksum
L e n g th
N e tw o rk M a s k
A tta c h e d R o u te r 1
A tta c h e d R o u te r 2 , e tc .

Type 2: Network LSAs

R o u te r 1
ro u te r-L S A
n e tw o rk -L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
R o u te r 3
ro u te r-L S A
D e s ig n a te d
R o u te r-o r g in a te d
n e tw o rk -L S A
n e tw o rk -L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
ro u te r-L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
ro u te r-L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
ro u te r-L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
ro u te r-L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
R o u te r 2
ro u te r-L S A
R o u te r 4
ro u te r-L S A
n e tw o rk -L S A
lin k -s ta te ID
n e tw o rk -L S A
lin k -s ta te ID

The network-LSA
helps in database
synchronization,
since a router
having a routerLSA with a link to
the network-LSA
and vice-versa is
known to have a
database
synchronized with
the Designated
Router.
Building OSPF Networks

Hierarchical Routing
OSPF Routing Hierarchy
OSPF Areas
OSPF Types of Routers
Virtual Links
CLI Commands for OSPF Configuration

Hierarchical Routing
OSPF implements a two-level

hierarchical routing scheme
Saves router memory consumed

by the routing table
Saves router resources when

computing the routing table
Saves link bandwidth when

distributing routing data

OSPF Areas Defined

The OSPF hierarchy is maintained through
the deployment of OSPF areas
Each OSPF area is identified by a 32-bit
Area ID
Each area consists of a collection of one or
more network segments interconnected by
routers
An area has its own LSDB consisting of
router-LSAs and network-LSAs
These LSAs describe areas topology
Routing with an area is flat.

flat

Areas Router-LSA and Network-LSA

Not flooded beyond the areas borders
Detailed knowledge of areas topology is
hidden from all other areas in the parent
Autonomous System.
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 1
S u m m it 1
1
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 3
A re a A
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 4 8
A re a B
Area A does not know the internal topology of Area B and

vice versa.
Area Border Router (ABR)

Manages inter-area communication
Attached to two or more areas, running
multiple copies of the basic algorithm
Maintain LSDBs for each attached area and
an additional copy for the backbone
Condense the topological information of
their attached areas into Type 3: SummaryLSAs for distribution to the backbone.
The backbone in turn distributes the information

to the other areas.

Area Border Router (ABR) cont.

S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
1 0 .5 .1 .0 /2 4
S u m m it 1
1
1 0 .5 .3 .0 /2 4
1 0 .5 .2 .0 /2 4
S u m m it 4
S u m m it 3
S u m m it 3
1 0 .5 .4 .0 /2 4
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 4 8
S u m m it 3
A g g re g a te !!!
1 0 .5 .0 .0 /1 6
ABRs can be
configured to
aggregate some or
all of the networks
within its
dependent area
into a single,
summary network
address with a less
discreet network
mask.
Types of OSPF Areas
Normal Area
Area 0 (Backbone)
Stub Areas
Not-So-Stubby-Areas (NSSA)
Virtual Links

Normal Area
An area which is not a:
Stub area
NSSA
Can be placed anywhere within the OSPF

routing domain
Support ASBRs
Support Virtual Links
Can distribute external routes

Area 0 (Backbone)
Is a Normal Area
Responsible for distributing routing
information between areas
Consist of
all area border routers

networks not contained in any other area
and their attached routers
Has an Area ID of 0.0.0.0

Only one backbone area per AS
All areas are required to attach directly to the
OSPF backbone area

Stub Area
For routers with limited resources
reduce memory and computation requirements
The LSDB is kept as small as possible

External route information is not distributed
Will use default routes to ABRs instead
Does not support ASBRs

Does not support virtual links
Appears to lie on the edge of an OSPF
domain (AS) in configuration

Not-So-Stubby-Area (NSSA)
Similar to existing OSPF Stub Area with two

additional capabilities
External routes originating from ASBR connected to NSSA can be advertised within
External routes originating from NSSA can be
propagated to other areas, including the
backbone.

OSPF Defines Three types of Routers
Internal Router (IR)
Has all of its interfaces within the same area
Area Border Router (ABR)

Autonomous System Boundary Router
(ASBR)

OSPF Hierarchical Components

OSPF Router Types Displayed
R 1
R 2
R 3
A re a 1
R 9
A re a 2
R 8
R 4
ABR
R 6
R 7
Internet
R 10
ABR
ASBR
R 5
ABR
A re a 3
A re a 3
R 11
R 12
R 13
A u to n o m o u s S y s te m
*All other routers that are not labeled ASBR or ABR are Internal Routers
Virtual Links
Used when a new area is introduced that

does not have a direct physical attachment
to the backbone
Provides a logical path between the ABR of

the disconnected area and the backbone
A virtual link is established between two

ABRs that have a common area, with one
ABR connected to the backbone

OSPF Configuration Example

A re a 0 .0 .0 .1
N o rm a l
E
In te rn e t
A re a 0 .0 .0 .4
STUB
BG P
E
VL
A re a 0 .0 .0 .2
N o rm a l
A re a 0 .0 .0 .0
A re a 0 .0 .0 .3
N o rm a l
VL
R IP
C lo u d
A re a 0 .0 .0 .5
N SSA

Configuring OSPF
Must have a unique router ID for each switch
Recommend manually setting the router ID

of the switches participating in OSPF
Simplifies router management

Prevents corruption of virtual links
Do not use 0.0.0.0 as a router ID

OSPF CLI Commands

enable/disable ospf
config ospf add/delete vlan
create/delete ospf area
config ospf vlan area
show ospf area
show ospf interfaces

CLI Command - enable/disable ospf

enable ospf
disable ospf
Enable or disable OSPF for the whole router.
Default is disabled.

CLI Command - config ospf add/del vlan

config ospf add vlan [<name> | all]
config ospf delete vlan [<name> | all]
Enables or disables OSPF on one or all VLANs

(router interfaces).
The default setting is disabled.

CLI Command - create/del ospf area

create ospf area <areaid>
delete ospf area [<areaid> | all]
Create or delete an OSPF area. Area 0.0.0.0

does not need to be created. It exists by default.
It also cannot be deleted.
Once an OSPF area is removed, the associated
OSPF area and OSPF interface information will
also be removed.

CLI Command - config ospf vlan area

config ospf vlan <name> area <areaid>
Associates a VLAN (router interface) with/from

an OSPF area. The area must already be
defined. All router interfaces must have an
associated OSPF area.
By default, all router interfaces are associated
with area 0.0.0.0 (backbone).

CLI Command - show ospf

show ospf
Displays global OSPF information.
show ospf area {<areaid>}
Displays information about a particular OSPF

area, or all OSPF areas.

Example: show ospf area

OSPF_Switch4: show
ospf area
Area: 0.0.0.0 Stub: FALSE Rtr Id: 20.20.20.20

Spf Runs: 48 Num ABR: 6 Num ASBR: 0 Num LSA: 43 LSA Chksum:0x170863
Interfaces:
IP addr
Ospf State DR IP addr
BDR IP addr
10.0.2.1
/24 E DOWN 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
10.0.1.1
/24 E BDR
10.0.1.2
10.0.1.1
Inter-Area route Filter: None
External route Filter: None
Configured Address Ranges:
Area: 10.11.0.0 Stub: FALSE Rtr Id: 20.20.20.20
Spf Runs: 21 Num ABR: 2 Num ASBR: 0 Num LSA: 35 LSA Chksum:0x16c3de
Interfaces:
IP addr
Ospf State DR IP addr
BDR IP addr
10.11.1.1
/24 E DR
10.11.1.1
10.11.1.2
Inter-Area route Filter: None
External route Filter: None
Configured Address Ranges:

CLI Command - show ospf interfaces

show ospf interfaces {vlan <name> | area <areaid>|all}
Displays information about one or all OSPF area, or all

OSPF areas.

Example: show ospf interface

Summit4: sh
ospf interface
Interface(rif4): 10.15.1.1/24 Vlan: norm151 Ospf: ENABLED Router: ENABLED

AreaId: 10.15.0.0 RtId: 20.20.20.20 Cost: 1 Pri: 1 Transit Delay: 1
Hello Interval: 10s Rtr Dead Time: 40s Retransmit Interval: 5s
Authentication: NONE
State: BDR Number of events: 1
DR RtId: 30.30.30.30 DR IP addr: 10.15.1.3 BDR IP addr: 10.15.1.1
Neighbours:
RtrId: 10.10.10.10 IpAddr: 10.15.1.2 Pri: 1
State: FULL Dr: 10.15.1.3 BDR: 10.15.1.1 Dead Time: 7
RtrId: 30.30.30.30 IpAddr: 10.15.1.3 Pri: 1

Laboratory Exercise
Lab4 - OSPF Configuration I

Lab4 - Network Topology
O SPF_LAB _3
O SPF_LAB_1
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 3 .0 .0
.1
N O R M 131
1 0 .1 3 .1 .0 /2 4
O SPF_LAB _3
.2
O SPF_LAB_2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 1 .0 .0
.1
N O R M 111
1 0 .1 1 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 131
N O R M 111
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 131
N O RM 111
O SPF_LAB _1
O SPF_LAB _2
P o rt 1 9
.1
BBO N E1
Backbone
0 .0 .0 .0
BBO NE1
1 0 .0 .1 .0 /2 4
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 9 .0 .0
.1
N O R M 171
1 0 .1 9 .1 .0 /2 4
.2
O SPF_LAB _6
.2
O SPF_LAB_5
P o rt 1 9
BBO N E1
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 7 .0 .0
.1
N O R M 151
1 0 .1 7 .1 .0 /2 4
O SPF_LAB _5
.2
O SPF_LAB_4

O SPF_LAB _6
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 191
N O RM 171
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 191
N O R M 171
O SPF_LAB _4
More OSPF Configuration

config ospf add virtual-link
config ospf delete virtual-link
show ospf virtual-link

CLI Command - config ospf add virtual-link

config ospf add virtual-link <routerid> <areaid>
config ospf delete virtual-link <routerid> <areaid>
Adds or deletes a virtual link connected to another

area border router (ABR).
Specify the following:
routerid -- Far-end router ID.

Areaid -- Transit area used for connecting the
two end-points. The transit area cannot be the
backbone (0.0.0.0).

CLI Command - show ospf virtual-link

show ospf virtual-link {<areaid><routerid> | all}
Displays virtual link information about a particular
router or all routers. Default is all. Contains:
Area ID and neighbor router ID
Receive interval, transit delay, Hello interval, and
dead interval.
Authentication configuration
Virtual link type and number of events
Neighbor router ID, IP address, and priority
Link state, DR ID, BDR ID, and dead time
Example: show ospf virtual-link

OSPF_LAB_2:19 # show
ospf virtual-link
AreaId: 10.15.0.0 NbrRouterId: 10.10.10.10

Rxmit Interval: 5 Transit Delay: 1 Hello Interval: 10 Dead Interval: 40
Auth Type: NONE
State: P2P Number of Events: 3
RtrId: 10.10.10.10 IpAddr: 10.15.1.2 Pri: 1
AreaId: 10.15.0.0 NbrRouterId: 30.30.30.30
Rxmit Interval: 5 Transit Delay: 1 Hello Interval: 10 Dead Interval: 40
Auth Type: NONE
State: P2P Number of Events: 1
RtrId: 30.30.30.30 IpAddr: 10.15.1.3 Pri: 1

Laboratory Exercise
Lab5 - OSPF Configuration II

Lab5 - Network Topology 1

N e tw o rk
O SPF_LAB _3
.3
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 3 .0 .0
.1
N O RM 131
1 0 .1 3 .1 .0 /2 4
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 5 .0 .0 .2
N O R M 151
1 0 .1 5 .1 .0 /2 4
P h y s ic a l
O SPF_LAB _1
.2
.1
O SPF_LAB _2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 1 .0 .0
.1
N O RM 111
1 0 .1 1 .1 .0 /2 4
O SPF_LAB_3
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 121
N O RM 121
O SPF_LAB _1
P o rt 2 2
P o rt 1 7
N O R M 151
P o rt 1 7
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O RM 121
N O RM 121
O SPF_LAB_2
N O R M 151
NO R M 151
P o rt 2 2
N O R M 151
P o rt 1 9
.1
BBO NE1
Backbone
0 .0 .0 .0
BBO N E1
1 0 .0 .1 .0 /2 4
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 9 .0 .0
.1
N O R M 191
1 0 .1 9 .1 .0 /2 4
O SPF_LAB _5
.1
.2
O SPF_LAB _6
P o rt 1 9
.2
.3
N o rm a l
1 0 .2 1 .0 .0
N O RM 211
1 0 .2 1 .1 .0 /2 4
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 7 .0 .0
.1
N O RM 171
1 0 .1 7 .1 .0 /2 4
.2
.2
O SPF_LAB _4

BBO NE1
P o rt 1 7
N O R M 211
P o rt 2 2
P o rt 2 2
O SPF_LAB_5
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O RM 171
N O RM 171
N O R M 211
O SPF_LAB_6
N O R M 211
P o rt 1 7
NO R M 211
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 171
N O RM 171
O SPF_LAB _4
Lab5 - Network Topology 2

N e tw o rk
P h y s ic a l
V ir t u a l L in k s
O SPF_LAB_3
.3
N O R M 131
1 0 .1 3 .1 .0 /2 4
O SPF_LAB _1
.2
N O R M 151
1 0 .1 5 .1 .0 /2 4
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 3 .0 .0
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 5 .0 .0
.2
.1
.1
O SPF_LAB _2
.1
O SPF_LAB _3
P o rt 2 2
NO RM 151
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 1 .0 .0
N O R M 111
1 0 .1 1 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 1 7
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O R M 121
N O R M 121
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O RM 121
N O R M 121
O SPF_LAB _2
N O R M 151
O SPF_LAB _1
P o rt 1 7
N O R M 151
P o rt 2 2
NO R M 151
P o rt 1 9
.1
BBO NE1
B ackbone
0 .0 .0 .0
BBO NE1
1 0 .0 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 1 9
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 9 .0 .0
N O R M 191
1 0 .1 9 .1 .0 /2 4
.1
O SPF_LAB _5
.1
.2
O SPF_LAB_6
BBO NE1
.3
N o rm a l
1 0 .2 1 .0 .0
N O R M 211
1 0 .2 1 .1 .0 /2 4
.1
N O R M 211
N O R M 171
1 0 .1 7 .1 .0 /2 4
.2
.2
P o rt 1 7
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 7 .0 .0
O SPF_LAB _4

P o rt 2 2
P o rt 2 2
O SPF_LAB _5
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O RM 171
N O R M 171
NO RM 211
O SPF_LAB _6
NO R M 211
P o rt 1 7
N O R M 211
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O R M 171
N O R M 171
O SPF_LAB _4
More OSPF Configuration - Areas

config ospf area normal
config ospf area stub
config ospf area nssa
show ospf

CLI Command - config ospf area normal

config ospf area <areaid> normal
Configure an OSPF area as a normal area

Default area type is normal
Area 0.0.0.0 can only be normal

CLI Command - config ospf area stub
config ospf area <areaid> stub [summary|

nosummary] stub-default-cost <cost>
Configures an OSPF area as a stub area.

Stub-default-cost is the the cost of the default
summary-LSA that the router should advertise into the
area

CLI Command - config ospf area nssa

config ospf area <areaid> nssa [summary|
nosummary] stub-default-cost <cost>
{translate}
Configures an OSPF area as a NSSA.

Stub-default-cost is the the cost of the default
summary-LSA that the router should advertise
into the area
Translate option: determines whether type 7
LSAs are translated into type 5 LSAs.

CLI Command - show ospf

show ospf
Display global OSPF information:
Router ID
OSPF state
Is router an autonomous system boundary router (Y/N)?
Is router an area border router (Y/N)?
Number of external LSAs processed
External LSA checksum
Number of originating new LSAs
Number of received new LSAs
Shortest Path First hold time

Example: show ospf
Summit4: show ospf

Router Id
OSPF ASBR ABR ExtLSA ExtLSACsum OrigNewLSA RxNewLSA
SpfHoldTime
20.20.20.20 E
NO YES
0
0x0
14694
20634
RouterId Selection: User Configured Export Static: Disabled
Export Static: Disabled
Export Rip: Disabled
ASBR route Filter: None

Laboratory Exercise
OSPF Lab6
Utilizing the CLI Commands:
config ospf area normal

config ospf area stub
show ospf


S tu b
1 0 .1 4 .0 .0
STU
1 0 .1 4
STU
1 0 .1 4
STU
1 0 .1 4
STU
1 0 .1 4
B141
.1 .1 /2
B142
.2 .1 /2
B143
.3 .1 /2
B144
.4 .1 /2
S tu b
1 0 .1 2 .0 .0
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 4
4
4
4
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 5 .0 .0
O SPF_LAB _3
.3
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 3 .0 .0
NO RM 131
1 0 .1 3 .1 .0 /2 4
N O R M 151
1 0 .1 5 .1 .0 /2 4
N O R M 152
1 0 .1 5 .2 .0 /2 4
N O R M 153
1 0 .1 5 .3 .0 /2 4
N O R M 154
1 0 .1 5 .4 .0 /2 4
4
4
4
4
O SPF_LAB _1
.2
O SPF_LAB_2
.1
P o rt1 x -o v e r to P o rt2
O SPF_LAB _3
P o rt 2 2
.2
.1
.1
B121
.1 .1 /2
B122
.2 .1 /2
B123
.3 .1 /2
B124
.2 .1 /2
NO RM 151
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 1 .0 .0
NO RM 111
1 0 .1 1 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 1 7
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 131
N O R M 111
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 131
N O RM 111
O SPF_LAB_2
N O R M 151
P o rt 1 7
NO R M 151
P o rt 2 2
N O R M 151
P o rt 1 9
.1
O SPF_LAB _1
BBO NE1
B ackbone
0 .0 .0 .0
BBO NE1
1 0 .0 .1 .0 /2 4
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 9 .0 .0
NO RM 191
1 0 .1 9 .1 .0 /2 4
.1
O SPF_LAB _6
S tu b
1 0 .2 0 .0 .0
STU
1 0 .2 0
STU
1 0 .2 0
STU
1 0 .2 0
STU
1 0 .2 0
B201
.1 .1 /2
B202
.2 .1 /2
B203
.3 .1 /2
B204
.2 .1 /2
BBO NE1
O SPF_LAB_5
.1
N o rm a l
1 0 .2 1 .0 .0
.2
.3
N O R M 211
1 0 .2 1 .1 .0 /2 4
N O R M 212
1 0 .2 1 .2 .0 /2 4
N O R M 213
1 0 .2 1 .3 .0 /2 4
N O R M 214
1 0 .2 1 .4 .0 /2 4
.1
P o rt 1 7
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 7 .0 .0
N O R M 211
NO RM 171
1 0 .1 7 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 2 2
.2
.2
4
4
4
4
P o rt 1 9
P o rt 2 2
O SPF_LAB_5
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 191
N O RM 171
NO RM 211
O SPF_LAB _4
O SPF_LAB _6
S tu b
1 0 .1 8 .0 .0
STU
1 0 .1 8
STU
1 0 .1 8
STU
1 0 .1 8
STU
1 0 .1 8
B181
.1 .1 /2
B182
.2 .1 /2
B183
.3 .1 /2
B184
.2 .1 /2
4
4
4
4

N O R M 211
P o rt 1 7
NO R M 211
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
N O RM 191
N O R M 171
O SPF_LAB _4
More OSPF Configuration Commands

config ospf routeid
config ospf area add range
config ospf vlan area cost
config ospf vlan area priority
*enable iproute sharing
enable/disable ospf exportstatic type
config ospf vlan area virtual link authentication
config ospf vlan area virtual link timer
config ospf spf-hold-time
show ospf lsdb

CLI Command - config ospf area add range

config ospf area <areaid> add range
<ipaddress> <mask> [advertise | noadvertise]
{type 3|type 7}
config ospf area <areaid> delete range
<ipaddress> <mask>
Configures or deletes a range of IP addresses in an

OSPF area.
On add, and if advertised, the range is exported as a
single LSA by the ABR.

CLI Command - config ospf cost

config ospf [vlan <name> | area <areaid> | all]
cost <number>
Configures the cost (metric) of one or all

interface(s).
The default cost of an interface is 1.
The maximum cost is 65,535.

CLI Command - config ospf priority

config ospf [vlan <name> | area <areaid> | all]
priority <number>
Configures the priority used in the designated

router-election algorithm for one or all IP
interface(s) or for all the interfaces within the
area.
The range is 0 - 255
The Default priority setting is 1
A value of 0 disqualifies the router from election

CLI Command - enable iproute sharing

enable iproute sharing
Enables load sharing if multiple routes to the

same destination are available (equal cost
multipath)
Only paths with the same lowest cost are
shared.

CLI Command - enable/disable ospf exportstatic

enable ospf export static cost {<metric>}
[ase-type-1|ase-type-2] {tag <number>}
disable ospf export static
Enable/disables the distribution of static routes

into the OSPF domain.
The default tag number is 0.

CLI Command - config ospf authentication

config ospf [vlan <name> | area <areaid> | virtual-link
<routerid> <areaid>] authentication
[simple-password <password> | md5 <md5_key_id>
<md5_key> | none]
Configure OSPF authentication information for one

interface or all the interfaces in an AREA.
When the OSPF AREA ID is specified, then the
authentication information is applied to all the OSPF
interfaces within the area.

CLI Command - config ospf timer

config ospf [vlan <name> | area <areaid> | virtuallink <routerid>] timer <retransmission_interval>
<transmission_delay> <hello_interval>
<dead_interval>
Configures the timers for one interface or all the

interfaces in the same OSPF area.
The following default, min, and max values (in seconds) are used:
Variable
RETRANSMISSION
DELAY
HELLO
DEAD INTERVAL

Default Min
5
0
1
0
10
1
40
1
Max
3600
3600
65535
2147483647
CLI Command - config ospf spf-hold-time

config ospf spf-hold-time {<seconds>}
Configures the minimum number of seconds

between Shortest Path First (SPF) recalculations.
The default setting is 3 seconds.

CLI Command - show ospf lsdb

show ospf lsdb {detail} area [<areaid> | all]
[router | network | summary-net |
summary-asb | as_external | external-type 7 | all}
Displays a table of the current LSDB.

The user can filter the display using either area ID,
the remote router's router ID, or the link state ID.
Default is all with no detail.
If detail is specified, each entry includes complete
LSA information

Example: show ospf lsdb

OSPF_LAB_2:18 # show
ospf lsdb area all all
Router LSAs for area 0.0.0.0

Link State ID Adv Router
Seq#
Age Chksum #Links
------------------------------------------------------------10.10.10.10 10.10.10.10 0x8000011d 1227 0xafc6 1
20.20.20.20 20.20.20.20 0x80006754 510 0x835f 3
30.30.30.30 30.30.30.30 0x800040a9 1245 0xf018 1
40.40.40.40 40.40.40.40 0x80000169 450 0x6e4c 1
50.50.50.50 50.50.50.50 0x800001ab 1279 0x7f83 3
60.60.60.60 60.60.60.60 0x8000016c 461 0x8095 1
Network LSAs for area 0.0.0.0
Seq#
Age Chksum
------------------------------------------------------------10.0.1.2
50.50.50.50 0x80000169 1273 0xb14f
Summary LSAs for area 0.0.0.0
Seq#
Age Chksum
------------------------------------------------------------10.11.1.0
10.10.10.10 0x80000114 1230 0x dfc
10.11.1.0
20.20.20.20 0x8000011b 1250 0xd109
10.12.0.0
10.10.10.10 0x80000109 1018 0x22f2
10.13.1.0
20.20.20.20 0x80000194 1250 0xc698

Laboratory Exercise
OSPF Lab7


N e tw o rk
V ir tu a l L in k s
S tu b
1 0 .1 4 .0 .0
1
1
1
1
STU B141
0 .1 4 .1 .1 /2
STU B142
0 .1 4 .2 .1 /2
STU B143
0 .1 4 .3 .1 /2
STU B144
0 .1 4 .4 .1 /2
P h y s ic a l
S u m m a r iz e
to
1 0 .1 4 .0 .0 /1 6
4
4
S u m m a r iz e
to
1 0 .1 2 .0 .0 /1 6
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 5 .0 .0
O SPF_LAB _3
.3
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 3 .0 .0
NO RM 131
1 0 .1 3 .1 .0 /2 4
NO RM 151
1 0 .1 5 .1 .0 /2 4
NO RM 152
1 0 .1 5 .2 .0 /2 4
NO RM 153
1 0 .1 5 .3 .0 /2 4
NO RM 154
1 0 .1 5 .4 .0 /2 4
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 2
STU
1 0 .1 4
B121
.1 .1 /2
B122
.2 .1 /2
B123
.3 .1 /2
B124
.2 .1 /2
4
4
4
4
S u m m a r iz e
.2
to O S P F _ L A B _ 1
1 0 .1 5 .0 .0 /1 6
O SPF_LAB _2
.1
O SPF_LAB _3
P o rt 2 2
.2
.1
.1
S tu b
1 0 .1 2 .0 .0
N O RM 151
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 1 .0 .0
NO RM 111
1 0 .1 1 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 1 7
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
NO RM 131
NO RM 111
O SPF_LAB _1
P o rt 1 7
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 131
NO RM 111
NO RM 151
O SPF_LAB _2
P o rt 2 2
NO RM 151
.1
NO RM 151
P o rt 1 9
P o rt 2 0
BBO NE1
BBO NE2
P o rt 1 9
P o rt 2 0
BBO NE1
BBO NE2
P o rt2 x - o v e r to P o r t3
B ackbone
0 .0 .0 .0
BBO N E1
1 0 .0 .1 .0 /2 4
BBO N E2
1 0 .0 .2 .0 /2 4
E q u a l-C o s t M u ltip a th
P o rt2 x -o v e r to P o r t3
.2
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 9 .0 .0
NO RM 191
1 0 .1 9 .1 .0 /2 4
.1
O SPF_LAB _5
.1
N o rm a l
1 0 .2 1 .0 .0
.2
O SPF_LAB _6
S tu b
1 0 .2 0 .0 .0
1
1
1
1
STU B201
0 .2 0 .1 .1 /2
STU B202
0 .2 0 .2 .1 /2
STU B203
0 .2 0 .3 .1 /2
STU B204
0 .2 0 .2 .1 /2
4
4
4
4
S u m m a r iz e
to
1 0 .2 1 .0 .0 /1 6
S u m m a r iz e
to
1 0 .2 0 .0 .0 /1 6
.3
NO RM 211
1 0 .2 1 .1 .0 /2 4
NO RM 212
1 0 .2 1 .2 .0 /2 4
NO RM 213
1 0 .2 1 .3 .0 /2 4
NO RM 214
1 0 .2 1 .4 .0 /2 4
.1
P o rt 1 7
N o rm a l
1 0 .1 7 .0 .0
NO RM 211
NO RM 171
1 0 .1 7 .1 .0 /2 4
P o rt 2 2
.2
.2
O SPF_LAB _6
S tu b
1 0 .1 8 .0 .0
1
V ir tu a l L in k s
P o rt 1 8
P o rt 2 1
N O R M 191
NO RM 171
N O RM 211
O SPF_LAB _4
S u m m a r iz e
to
1 0 .1 8 .0 .0 /1 6
P o rt 2 2
O SPF_LAB _5
1
1
1
STU
0 .1 8
STU
0 .1 8
STU
0 .1 8
STU
0 .1 8
B181
.1 .1 /2
B182
.2 .1 /2
B183
.3 .1 /2
B184
.2 .1 /2

4
4
4
4
NO RM 211
P o rt 1 7
NO RM 211
P o rt 2 1
P o rt 1 8
NO RM 191
NO RM 171
O SPF_LAB _4
Summary
Define OSPF, features, advantages over RIP
Describe OSPF LSA, format and Types
Define LSDB, Initial synchronization, database
exchange & reliable flooding
Describe Routing Calculations, supported network
type & Database Synchronization
Describe how to build OSPF Networks
Define the OSPF routing, areas, router types and
virtual Links
Differentiate DR, BDR, Router Election
OSPF Configuration and Examples
Lab Exercises


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Module 4

OSPF Overview and

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Define OSPF, features, advantages over RIP

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

The OSPF Advantage

OSPF is an interior gateway protocol (IGP)

Consumes fewer network resources

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Uses a single synchronized database for

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Basic Features of OSPF

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

OSPF Hello Packet & Neighbor Discover

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

OSPF Hello Packets

Hello Interval and

This information is used by neighbor routers

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

OSPF Hello Packets (cont.)

In a broadcast environment, it contains the

This reduces overhead of sending multiple

Ensure that the OSPF link is bi-directional

NOTE: An OSPF router will not forward data

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Link State Advertisement (LSA)

Each OSPF router is responsible for

Every thirty minutes a router will -- even in

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

OSPF LSA Format

All OSPF LSAs start

This provides orderly

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - LS Age

Number of seconds since

If LSA reaches 30 minutes,

If LSA reaches 1 hour, it is

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - LS Type

Classifies the LSA

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - Link State ID

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - Advertising Router

The originating routers

In practice, this is one of

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - LS Sequence Number

A linear sequence number

Used to compare a new

The LSA instance having

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LSA Format - LS Checksum

Used to detect data

Does not include LS

Derived using Fletcher

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

LE-201 - Unicast Routing and L3 Switch Configuration

Generated by OSPF Designated Routers (DRs)

Describes a network segment - i.e., broadcast

Link State ID field lists the IP interface address of