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The system
Filter almost
everything from
blood to tubules
Reabsorb what we
need back to blood
~2 M nephrons in a human
body
1) Filtration
Movement of material
into the capsule to
form a filtrate
2) Reabsorption
Silverthorn
Physiology of
- Blood pressurefiltration
in the
glomerulus is high
- The filtration
membrane is
permeable
- 2highly
M nephrons
= huge
surface area (larger than
the skin!)
_____________________(GFR)
180 L/day (glomerular beds)
4 L/day (rest of the beds
Regulation of Glomerular
Filtration
Intrinsic
- Renal autoregulation
Extrinsic
- Neural controls
- Hormonal mechanism
1) Filtration
Movement of material
into the capsule to
form a filtrate
2) Reabsorption
Silverthorn
Interstitial
fluid
Sodium reabsorption:
primary active transport
Sodium reabsorption is almost
always by active transport
Na+ enters the tubule cells at the
apical membrane
Is actively transported out of the
tubules by a
Na+-K+ ATPase pump
Other
solutes
follow
sodium in
moving into
the PCT cells
and toward
the
interstitial
fluid
Other
solutes
and water
follow
sodium in
moving into
the PCT cells
and toward
the
interstitial
fluid
_______________of the
___________nephrons
Cortex
Medull
a
Medull
a
Osmolality
- The number of solute particles
dissolved in 1Kg of water
Permeable to
H2O and
solutes
A medullary
gradient of
osmolality exists
in the interstitial
fluid
The deeper we go
into the medulla,
the greater the
osmolality in the
interstitial fluid
Permeable to
H2O and
solutes
H 20
H 20
H 20
H 20
1. H2O diffuses
out of the
descending limb
2. NaCl diffuses and
then actively
transported out of
the ascending limb
During these
attempts to solve
the osmotic
gradient, H2O and
NaCl leave the
filtrate and are
The hypothalamus
promotes reabsorption
of water by releasing
the antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) from
the posterior pituitary
Na
Na