Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preconceptional care
Diagnosis of pregnancy
1. Signs and Symptoms
Cessation of menses
Skin changes
2. hCG
home urine pregnanacy test
confirmatory testing for hCG in urine or
blood
3. Ultrasound
- Transvaginal sonography
- Transabdominal sonography
2. Psychosocial Screening
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol and Illicit Drugs during Pregnancy
Domestic Violence Screening
3. Physical Examination
Pelvic Examination
4. Laboratory Tests
5. High-Risk Pregnancies
Prenatal surveillance
Fetal
Heart rate(s)
Sizecurrent and rate of change
Amount of amnionic fluid
Presenting part and station (late in pregnancy)
Activity
Maternal
Blood pressure : current and extent of change
Weight : current and amount of change
Symptoms
: including headache, altered vision, abdominal pain, nausea and
vomiting, bleeding, vaginal fluid leakage, and dysuria
Height in centimeters of uterine fundus from symphysis
Vaginal examination late in pregnancy often provides valuable
information:
Confirmation of the presenting part
Station of the presenting part
Clinical estimation of pelvic capacity and its general
configuration
Consistency, effacement, and dilatation of the cervix
Assessment of Gestational
Age
Precise knowledge of gestational age is important
(because a number of pregnancy complications may
develop for which optimal treatment will depend on
fetal age. )
Nutrition
Maternal weight gain , positive correlation with birthweight