You are on page 1of 23

PROSES KARIES

DIDIN ERMA INDAHYANI


FKG UNIVERSITAS JEMBER

Karies gigi /tooth decay adalah :


penyakit jaringan keras gigi yang
disebabkan oleh bakteri, akibat
proses metabolismenya yang
berpengaruh pada demineralisasi
email dan dentin

Prosesnya
Ada 2 tahap
Bakteri melakukan metabolisme
fermentable
carbohydrates
menghasilkan organic acids dan
masuk ke dalam gigi melalui air yang
ada diantara kristal
Asam yang telah mencapai enamel
yang rentan, akan melepaskan ion
Ca2+ dan PO43-

Enamel yang rentan


Enamel: 96% atau 87% mineral
dan 13% interprismatic space
(diffusion channel)
Major mineral component (teeth and
bone):
Calcium phosphate crystals ~
Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
(pure HAP)

carbonated HAP
Carbonate (CO3)2- substitute (PO4)3- or
2 (OH)Carbonate ions disturb the regular
array of
ions in the crystal lattice,
more soluble in acid than pure HAP
Di enamel 1 dari 10 ion phosphat diganti
oleh carbonat, di dentin1 dari 5
Keadaan caries belum terlihat secara visual

Bakteri
S mutans merupakan bakteri yang
memulai terjadinya karies
Laktobasilus, terdeteksi pada karies
yang lebih dalam terutama di dentin
S mutans dan laktobasilus,
mempunyai kemampuan untuk
tumbuh dalam asam dan
kemampuan memetabolisme KH
dengan sangat cepat

Bakteri
Bakteri yang bersifat Cariogenic
ability to produce acid (acidogenicity)
ability to withstand acid conditions
(aciduricity)
ability to adhere to teeth

S. mutans
S mutans merupakan bakteri yang
memulai terjadinya karies (inisiator)
Metabolism yields:
acids, primarily lactic, from a variety of
sugars
extracellular polyglucose, called glucan,
which creates irreversible attachment
(from sucrose metabolism only)

Proses metabolisme yaitu enzim invertase


memotong sukrosa, menjadi glukosa dan
fruktosa, yang kemudian di ubah menjadi asam
laktat melalui jalur glikolisis
enzim lain glukosiltransferase, memotong
sukrosa, tetapi menstransfer sebagian polimer
glukosa , menjadi polimer glukosa yang disebut
sebagai glukan
S mutans membentuk beberapa kompleks
glukan, yang berbeda pada core linkage,
jumlah cabangnya dan berat molekulnya

Glucan pertama yang identifikasi


mempunyai core linkage, terdiri dari ikatan
a1-6 yang diklasifikasikan sebagai
dextran.
unique glucan mempunyai a1-3 core
linkage,
S mutans juga mempunyai enzymes yang
memotong sucrose dan menstransfer
bagian fructose ke fructose polymer, yang
dikenal sebagai a fructan

Sucrose
Glucose + fructose

extracellular
polyglucose,
glucan, (from
sucrose metabolism
only)
creates irreversible
bacteria
metabolized plaque
by
attachment

glucan

fructan

Glucan
Water soluble
Extracellular glue
Enables adhesion to tooth
reduced susceptibility to mechanical
disruption

Inhibits diffusion properties of plaque


reduces buffering capacity of saliva
inhibits transport of acid away from
tooth

Other Microorganisms

Lactobacilli sp.
found in large numbers in some
children
considered opportunistic, not
initiators
numbers in cavity increase after
DEJ invaded
lactobacilli are good indicators of
total carbohydrate intake

Karbohidrat
Not all sugars/carbohydrate are
cariogenic

The more common dietary sugars are presented.


The cariogenic potential of carbohydrates are presented too.

The sugars with the


most cariogenicity are
sucrose
and glucose (red).
Other carbohydrates
(maltose, lactose,
fructose, and starch)
are less cariogenic.
The sugar alcohols,
such as sorbitol and
mannitol, are the least
cariogenic (yellow)
Xylitol has even been
shown to be

The disaccharide sucrose and the


monosaccharide glucose ( a component
of sucrose), are most cariogenic.
Frequent ingestion, can cause
severe damage to the tooth.

Role of Other Sugars


Fructose and glucose are as effective as
sucrose in their ability to cause a pH drop;
Fructose is nearly equal to sucrose in
cariogenicity;
Raw starch causes only a small drop in
Soluble starch and refined starch can be
plaque pH
broken down by salivary amylase into sugars
These refined carbohydrates cause a variable
pH drop that may be as large as that caused
by sucrose

WAKTU

Etiology Host Factors


Tooth factors
quality of enamel
presence/depth of pits and
fissures
hypoplasia
fluoride exposure
Saliva
pH
flow rate
buffering capacity
antimicrobial components

FAKTOR YANG MENDUKUNG


TERJADINYA KARIES

You might also like