Societal Factors: Nationa

ociety and Political Need

Nur Shuhana bt Mohd Padeli
Siti Nur Syuhada bt Mohd Noor
Azam

Societal Factors ?
It is considered to be factors
that influence what the people
who constitute the population
of a country need for the lives
to be productive and happy in
the local context.

Societal & Ideological Problems

Facing by Curriculum

Authority
Poverty
In-equality
Regionalism
Nationalism
Provincialism
Dissolution of family
Prejudices
War and greed

Society Needs
Change in society is constantly
occurring.
Content and approaches of
instruction should be
developed
based on what is going on in
society.

Influence of Society in
Curriculum Development

Disapproval of society
Racism
- cultural and racial differences
exist.
Traditions impede and deter
change
Regionalism
Provincialism
Expectation of society
Perception of what the product of the

Curriculum - Society
Curriculum must meet the needs
and current
demands of the culture, society and
expectation of the population it
serves.
Societal problems, issues and
concerns
should be set as goals for
betterment of
society.

National Needs
National ideology and
philosophy have tremendous
influence on education
system.

Malaysian National Curriculum

an educational program that
includes curriculum and co-curricular
activities which encompasses all the
knowledge, skills, norms, values,
cultural elements and beliefs to help
develop a pupil fully with respect to
the physical, spiritual, mental and
emotional aspects as well as to
inculcate and develop desirable moral
values and to transmit knowledge

alaysian Curriculum are based on

National Education
Philosophy
Educational Act 1996
National Mission

National Education Philosophy

To produce Malaysian
citizens, possess high moral
standards and who are
responsible and capable of
achieving a high level of
personal well-being.

Educational Act of 1996

Enable Malaysian society to have a
command of knowledge, skills and
values necessary in a world that is
highly competitive and globalized.
Attaining the status of fully
developed nation towards creating a
society that is united, democratic,
liberal and dynamic.
Develop a world-class quality

National Mission
Improving the intellectual
capacity, creativity and
values of young Malaysians so
as to enable them to
contribute towards
sustainable developments.

National Needs in Curriculum

To produce Malaysian citizens
that could
contribute in this sustainable
development era.
Making Malay the national
language
Achieving national unity
In-line with Vision 2020
Raise education in Malaysia to

Political Needs
Education is regarded as a political
activity.
Politics determine and define the
goals, content, learning experiences
and evaluation strategies in
education.
Curricular materials and their
interpretation are usually heavily
influenced by political
considerations.

 Funding of education is greatly

influenced by politics.
Both private educational
institutions and public
educational institutions rely on
funding for hiring personnel,
building and facilities.
Entry into educational
institutions and the examination
systems are heavily influenced

Political Constraints
The influence of history and
tradition.
Teachers and head teachers have
been trained in certain ways to
teach certain subjects or by
certain methods.
Strong temptation for them not
wanting to change or improvise
their way of teaching.
Allocation of resources, money,

Public Schools

- Abundance
- Tuition fees are low
(mostly supported by the
government)
-Admission fee around
RM100-200 per year
- Study time: 7.30AM to
12.30PM or 1.30PM
- Mostly run on a twosession system (morning
and afternoon session)

Private/International Schools

- Not as many as public

schools
- Tuition fees are quite
expensive.
- Admission fee around
RM10,000 to 15,000 per
year.
- Study time: 8.30AM to
4PM
- Mostly run on a three
terms in a year whereby
3 major exams are held
every year.

Public Schools

- Students to teacher
ratio is high (40-50
students in a class)
- Uses Bahasa Melayu
as the main
communication medium
and teaching syllabus.

Private/International Schools

- Students to teacher
ration is low (20-25
students in a class)
- Uses English as the
main communication
medium and teaching
syllabus.
-Follows guidelines and
rules set by the
Malaysian Ministry of
Education.
- Required to take major
exams like those who are
studying in public