A

Major Project Presentation on

Design of Water Treatment Plant

Department of Civil Engineering

( 2011-2015 )
Submitted To :
Dr. Sheetal Agarwal
Head of
department

Submitted By :
Group No. :
Dept. Of Civil Engineering

Distribution of Earth`s Water

Following Are The Reason's For Which

Water Treatment is RequiredTo Remove The Turbidity From The Water

To Remove The Bacteria's From The Water

To Remove Acidity/Alkalinity

To Remove the T.D.S.

To Remove Hardness From Water

Factors Considered in The Designing of

Water treatment Plant
1. Population
2. Purpose
3. Per Capita Demand According To Living Standard

Population Forecasting
Population Forecasting Can Be Done By Following Three
Method's1. Arithmetic Method
2. Geometric Method
3. Incremental Increase Method

1. Arithmetic method

Pn = P0+ nc
Where,
P0 = Initial population
Pn = Population in dh decade
n = No. of decades
c = Average increase

Year

Population

Difference

2001

23.23 lac

2011

36.02 lac

12.79
C=12.79

P2021= 36.02 +(1 12.79)

= 48.81 lac

P2025 = 33.02 + (1.5 12.79)

= 55.20 lac

2. Geometric Method
Pn =Po (1+r/100)

Pn = Population in the dh decade

Po = Population any decade
r = Percentage increase
N = No. of decade
r = {(36.0223.23)/23.23} 100
=55.05%

P2021= 36.02 {1+(55.05/100)} 1

= 55.83 lac

P2025= 69.50 lac

3. Incremental Increase Method

Pn = Po + (r + i) n
r = Average rate of increase in population per decade
I = Average rate of incremental increase per decade
Po = Population in any decade
Pn = Population in n decade

P2021= p +avg. increase per decade+ avg. incremental increase

0

= 36.02+12.79
= 48.81 lac

P2025= 48.81+ 12.79

= 61.6 lac

But On an avg. we take population 60 lac in accordance

to JDA 2025 Master Plan For Urban Jaipur

Steps Involved in Treatment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Screening
Pre Chlorination
Coagulation
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Filtration by Slow Sand Filter
Post Chlorination
Fluorination
Disinfection

Water Treatment Process

Screening
The screens are used to remove rocks, sticks, leaves, and other debris.

All objects are removed by physical size separation - if they are small
enough to pass through the holes in the screen, objects flow with the
water into the treatment plant.
If the objects are too large to pass through the holes, then they are
caught by the screen.
Screens should be angled ( 30 to 60 )for easy cleaning.
Screens on the outside of intakes are often cleaned by flushing water
from the treatment plant backwards through the intake, knocking off any
debris which has accumulated there Surface waters contain fish and
debris which can clog or damage pumps, clog pipes and cause problems
in water treatment.

Design Procedure
Assumption
a. Manually cleaned screen
b. Inclination of bars = 30
c. Size of bars = 50 X 6 X 6 mm3
d. Clear spacing between two bars = 10mm
e. Flow velocity of normal screen = 800mm/sec
= 0.8m/s (at peak flow)

Design
Population = 7, 50,000
Avg. rate of water Supply = 135 l/p/d
Avg. rate of water supply per day = 7, 50,000 X 135
= 101.25 MLD
Avg. rate of water supply in cumecs
={7, 50,000 X 135/ 1000 X 24 X 60 X 60 }
= 1.17 Cumec (D.W.F)
Max. Flow = 3 X DWF
= 3.51 Cumecs
Or
3 X 101.25 = 303.75 MLD
[303.75 X 106/1000 X 24 X 60 X 60]
= 3.51 m3/sec.

Now,
Net submerged area of the screen
=[3.51/0.8 ] = 4.4 m2
Submerged area of the screen = 4.4 X Sin 30
= 2.2 m2
Flow velocity in screen = {3.51/2.2}
= 1.6 m/s
Provide 40 bars =
Cross width of screen chamber = 40 X 0.006 (Rod area) + 41 X
0.003 (Gap area)
= .363 m
Liquid depth = Submerged Screen Area/Cross Width of Screen
Chamber
= 2.2 /0.363 =6.06 m
Providing free board = 0.25m
Total depth = 6.06+0.025 = 6.085 m

Now Slope
Hydraulic mean depth (m) = Area /Wetted perimeter
= {6.085 X .363 /(2 X 6.085) + 0.363}
= 0.176 m
Using mannings formula

1.6 = 1 0.6 X 0.1762/3 X i(1/3)

i = 28.56

Coagulation
Coagulants are:
1. Aluminum sulphate or alum
2. Sodium aluminates

Alum Dose
Design criteria for alum dose = Alum required in particular season
is given that
Monsoon = 50mg/l
Winter = 20mg/l
Summer = 05 mg/l

Flocculation
Flocculation arises from induced velocity gradients in the
liquid. Primary particles are induced to approach close enough
together, make contact and progressively form larger or flocs.
Rate of flocculation is governed by the velocity gradient
applied. The degree or extent of flocculation is governed by
both applied velocity gradients and time of flocculation
There are various ways to induce velocity gradients: baffled
chambers; granular media beds; diffused air; spiral flow
chambers; reciprocating blades and rotating blades.

Figure:Flocculation basin

Figure:Blade Type
Flocculator

Settling Tank

Designing of Settling Tank

Volume of water to be treated = 303.75 MLD
Detention time = 240 min = 4hr.
Velocity of flow = 20cm/min
Length of tank = Velocity X Detention time
= 0.2 X 240
= 48m
Volume of water in 4 hr.
={303.75 X 106 X 4/ 1000 X 24} = 50,625 m3
Cross sect. canal area (A) = V/ L = 50,625/48
= 1054.69 m2
Assume depth = 3 m
Width of tank = 1054.69/3
= 351.56 m
Provide 1 m extra depth for waste storage & 0.5 m for free board
Total depth = 3+1.5 = 4.5m

Slow Sand Filter

Disinfection
Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of
pathogenic microorganisms. When microorganisms are not removed
from drinking water, drinking waterusage will cause people to fall
ill.

Methods Of Disinfection:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Chlorination
By Boling
By adding Bromine and Iodine
By Ozone
By U-V Rays
By Potassium Permangnate

Water Chlorination
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine (Cl2)
or hypochlorite to water.
This method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in tap water as
chlorine is highly toxic.
In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne
diseases such as cholera, dysentery, jaundice, typhoid etc.

Result
Clean drinking water

THANK YOU!