Ekspresi gen

Translasi

Ekspresi Gen

Transkripsi

Translasi

Translasi

Translasi adalah proses sintesis protein

dari template mRNA

Proses ini melibatkan beberapa molekul

kunci, antara lain mRNA, tRNA, ribosom
(unit kecil & unit besar), peptidil/protein
polimerase, dan faktor pelepas (release
factor).

Proses translasi terbagi dalam 3 tahap,

yaitu: initiasi, elongasi, dan terminasi.

The codons found within the mRNA.

mRNA contains codons that will encode for specific amino acids.
Eukaryotic mRNA, the substrate for translation, has a unique 3'-end
called the poly-A tail.

Kodon Triplet

tRNA is another key

molecule. It contains an
anticodon that is
complementary to the
mRNA codon
to which it binds. The first
codon is typically AUG.
Attached to the end of
tRNA is the corresponding
amino acid.
Methionine corresponds to
the AUG codon.

t-RNA

t-RNA

t-RNA

Ribosom

Proses translasi
terbagi dalam 3
tahap, yaitu:

Initiasi
elongasi
terminasi.

The small subunit of the ribosome

attached to the mRNA.

A methylated cap is found at the 5'-end. Translation initiation

begins when the small subunit of the ribosome attaches
to the cap and moves to the translation initiation site.

Elongasi

Elongasi

The large subunit now binds to create the

peptidyl (or P) site and the aminoacyl (or A) site.
The first tRNA occupies the Psite.
The second tRNA enters the A-site and is
complementary to the second codon.
The methionine is transferred to the A-site amino
acid, the first tRNA exits, the ribosome moves
along the mRNA, and the next tRNA enters.
These are the basic steps of elongation.
As elongation continues, the growing peptide is
continually transferred to the A-site tRNA, the
ribosome moves along the mRNA, and new
tRNAs enter.
All mRNAs are read in the 5 to 3 direction

Terminasi

Apabila pada A-site terbaca kodon stop

(UAA/UAG/UGA), maka protein release
factor akan menduduki A-site dan
translasi segera berakhir (terminated)

Kompleks ribosom terurai, dan protein

yang dihasilkan akan terlepas.

Polisom

Clusters of ribosomes may sit on a mRNA and

make proteins, each making a strand of
polypeptides. These clusters are called
polyribosomes.

When they are free in the cytoplasm, they are

called free polyribosomes (linked by the mRNA).
Or, they may bind to rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Ekspresi Gen
Pada Sel Eukariotik

Pada sel eukariotik,

transkripsi
berlangsung di
dalam nukleus,
dan translasi
di sitoplasma
Translasi
berlangsung setelah
transkripsi selesai

Ekspresi Gen
Pada Sel Prokariotik

Dalam sel prokariotik, transkripsi dan translasi

berlangsung di sitoplasma simultan

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