Energy & Light

By Gulfam Choudhary

Energy

Definition of Energy
The strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity.
Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide
light and heat or to work machines

What is your definition of

Energy?

Facts about Energy!

Only 10% of energy in a light bulb is used to create light. Ninety percent of a light bulbs energy
creates heat. Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs), on the other hand, use about 80% less
electricity than conventional bulbs and last up to 12 times as long.
Google accounts for roughly 0.013% of the worlds energy use. It uses enough energy to
continuously power 200,000 homes.
According to Google, the energy it takes to conduct 100 searches on its site is equivalent to a 60watt light bulb burning for 28 minutes. Google uses about 0.0003 kWh of energy to answer the
avenge search query, which translates into about 0.2 g of carbon dioxide released

Tell me your facts about Energy!

Information about energy

Solar energy
Solar cells are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy. You may have
seen small solar cells in calculators. Larger arrays of solar cells are used to power road signs
in remote areas, and even larger arrays are used to power satellites in orbit around Earth.
Solar panels do not generate electricity, but rather they heat up water. They are often located on
the roofs of buildings where they can receive heat energy from the sun.
Cold water is pumped up to the solar panel, there it heats up and is transferred to a storage tank.
A pump pushes cold water from the storage tank through pipes in the solar panel. The water is
heated by heat energy from the sun and returns to the tank. In some systems, a conventional boiler
may be used to increase the temperature of the water.

Wind energy
Wind turbines have huge blades mounted on a tall tower. The blades are connected to a nacelleor
housing that contains gears linked to a generator. As the wind blows, it transfers some of its kinetic
energy to the blades, which turn and drive the generator. Several wind turbines may be grouped
together in windy locations to form wind farms.
Wind is a renewable energy resource and there are no fuel costs. No harmful polluting gases are
produced. On the other hand, wind farms are noisy and may spoil the view for people living near
them. The amount of electricity generated depends on the strength of the wind - if there is no wind,
there is no electricity.

Hydro energy
Wave energy
The water in the sea rises and falls because of waves on the surface. Wave machines use the
kinetic energy in this movement to drive electricity generators.
Tidal barrage
Huge amounts of water move in and out of river mouths each day because of the tides. A tidal
barrage is a barrier built over a river estuary to make use of the kinetic energy in the moving
water. The barrage contains electricity generators, which are driven by the water rushing
through tubes in the barrage.
Hydroelectric power (HEP)
Like tidal barrages, hydroelectric power stations use the kinetic energy in moving water. But
the water comes from behind a dam built across a river valley. The water high up behind the
dam contains gravitational potential energy. This is transferred to kinetic energy as the water
rushes down through tubes inside the dam. The moving water drives electrical generators,
which may be built inside the dam.

Biomass
Biomass energy is generated from decaying plant or animal waste.
It can also be an organic material which is burned to provide energy, eg heat, or electricity.
An example of biomass energy is oilseed rape (yellow flowers you see in the UK in summer),
which produces oil.
After treatment with chemicals it can be used as a fuel in diesel engines.
It is a cheap and readily available source of energy.
If the crops are replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.
When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases. If crops are not
replanted, biomass is a non-renewable resource.

The fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas. They are fuels because they release heat
energywhen they are burned. They are fossil fuels because they were formed from the remains of
living organismsmillions of years ago.
About three-quarters of the electricity generated in the UK comes from power stations fuelled by
fossil fuels. To the right is an energy transfer diagram for the generation of electricity from a fossil
fuel such as coal.
Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources. Their supply is limited and they will eventually run out.
Fossil fuels do not renew themselves, while fuels such as wood can be renewed endlessly.
Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide when they burn, which adds to the greenhouse effect and increases
global warming. Of the three fossil fuels, for a given amount of energy released, coal produces the most
carbon dioxide and natural gas produces the least.
Coal and oil release sulfur dioxide gas when they burn, which causes breathing problems for living
creatures and contributes to acid rain.

Nuclear energy
The main nuclear fuels are uranium and plutonium, both of which are radioactive metals.
Nuclear fuels are not burned to release energy. Instead, heat is released from changes in
the nucleus.
Just as with power stations burning fossil fuels, the heat energy is used to boil water.
The kinetic energyin the expanding steam spins turbines, which drive generators to produce
electricity.
Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear fuels do not produce carbon dioxide.
Like fossil fuels, nuclear fuels are non-renewable energy resources. And if there is an accident,
large amounts of radioactive material could be released into the environment. In addition,
nuclear waste remains radioactive and is hazardous to health for thousands of years. It must be
stored safely.

Quiz Time about Energy !

Which of these facts did I put in this

PowerPoint?
According to Google, the energy it
takes to conduct 100 searches on its
site is equivalent to a 60-watt light
bulb burning for 28 minutes. Google
uses about 0.0003 kWh of energy to
answer the avenge search query,
which translates into about 0.2 g of
carbon dioxide released

From 2008 to 2030,

world energy
consumption is
expected to increase
more than 55%.

Which of these was the dictionary

definition of Energy?
The strength and
vitality required for
sustained physical
or mental activity.

Thecapacityfor
workorvigorous
activity.

Which of these paragraphs did I

include in my presentation?
Wind is a renewable energy resource and
there are no fuel costs. No harmful polluting
gases are produced. On the other hand,
wind farms are noisy and may spoil the view
for people living near them. The amount of
electricity generated depends on the
strength of the wind - if there is no wind,
there is no electricity

Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind

turbines or sails to produce mechanical
or electrical power. Windmills are used for their
mechanical power, wind pumps for water
pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power
as an alternative to fossil fuels, is
plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation, and uses little land. The net effects on
the environment are generally less problematic
than those from non-renewable power sources.

Light

Definition of light
The natural agent that stimulates sight and
makes things visible.

What is your definition of light?

Quotes about Light

Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.
It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light.
No matter what you're going through, there's a light at the end of the
tunnel and it may seem hard to get to it but you can do it and just keep
working towards it and you'll find the positive side of things.
A smile is the light in your window that tells others that there is a caring,
sharing person inside.
Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot
drive out hate; only love can do that.

Do you know any famous quotes

about Light?

Information about Light

Light waves
Type of wave

Transverse

Can they travel through matter (solids, liquids

and gases)?

Yes (if transparent or translucent)

Can they travel through a vacuum?

Yes

How are they detected?

Eyes, cameras

Can they be reflected?

Yes

they be refracted?
Light Can
travels
as waves. These are transverseYes
waves, like the ripples in a tank of water. The
direction of vibration in the waves is at 90 to the direction that the light travels.

Light travels extremely quickly. Its maximum speed is approximately 300,000,000 m/s, when
it travels through a vacuum.

More information about Light

The very large difference between the speed of light in air (almost 300,000,000 m/s)
and the speed of sound in air (343 m/s) explains why you:
see lightning before you hear it
see a firework explode before you hear it
see a distant door slam before you hear it
When light reaches a mirror, it reflects off the surface of the mirror. This is known as
refraction

Colour
White light is a mixture of many different colours, each with a different frequency. White light
can be split up into a spectrum of these colours using a prism, a triangular block of glass or
Perspex.
Light is refracted when it enters the prism, and each colour is refracted by a different amount.
This means that the light leaving the prism is spread out into its different colours, a process
called dispersion.

Colour
Here are the seven colours of the spectrum listed in order of their frequency, from the
lowest frequency (fewest waves per second) to the highest frequency (most waves per
second):
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet
This mnemonic is one way to remember the order: Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain.

Colour
The way coloured light mixes is very different from the way that paint does.
When light hits a surface, some of it is absorbed and some of it is reflected. The light that is
reflected is the colour of the object in that light. For example, a blue object absorbs all the colours
of the spectrum except blue: it reflects blue light.

Tell me what do you know about

Light?

Quiz Time about Light!

Which of these is the mnemonic I

mentioned

Richard Of
York Got
Buggered In
Venice

Richard Of
York Gave
Battle In Vain

Can Light travel through matter (solids, liquids and

gases) and on what conditions?

Yes (if
transparent or
translucent)

Yes (if opaque)

Which of these is the speed of

Light?

300,000,000 m/s

500,000,000 m/s

Word search Time!

Click for word
search!

What did you think about my

presentation?

What can I improve?

Thank you for listening!