Slides for 2/15

IB Mathematical Studies

Warm-Up Problem
Manuel needs to travel by helicopter from Unseen
University to Miskatonic University, then from
Miskatonic to Illuminati University, and then back to
UU. The distance from Unseen to Miskatonic is 50
miles. The distance from Miskatonic to Illuminati is
14 miles. The distance from Illuminati to Unseen is
48 miles.
a) Find the angles Manuel will turn at MU and IU.
b) If the bearing from MU to IU is S 0 W, and Manuel
turns clockwise at each corner of the triangle, find
the bearing Manuels helicopter is traveling on his
initial leg of the trip, from UU to MU.

Guiding Question &

Objectives
What are some real-world examples of linear change?
Today, we will:
Identify the domain and range of a function.
Solve applications problems involving functions,
including linear and quadratic functions.
Write quadratic functions in different forms:

Standard form
Intercept form
Vertex form

Relations and Functions

A relation is any relationship between a set of values

of an independent variable and a dependent
variable.
If each value of the independent variable is matched
with one and only one value of the dependent
variable, then the relation is a function.
If each value of the dependent variable is also
matched with one and only one value of the
independent variable, then the relation is a one-toone function.
Functions pass the vertical line test.

Domain and Range

The domain of a function is the set of all the possible

values of the independent variable (for us, usually
x).
The range of a function is the set of all the values of
the dependent variable (for us, usually y).
You can usually figure out the domain by looking at
the function; for the range, you may have to look at
the graph.

If a value of x causes a functions value to be either

undefined or to contain an imaginary number, then that
value of x is not part of the domain.

Example

What is the domain of

the function f(x)? What
is its range?

1 x
f x
x2

Practice

Find the domain and

the range of each
function.

2
f x
3
x 1
g x 3 x
h x

1
9 x

Solving Problems Using

Functions

When solving an applications problem using

functions, determine what type of function the
problem uses.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
What is the problem asking you to find?

Example

An electrician charges $60 for a visit, and an

additional $45 per hour. Find:

The function C(t) for the total cost of a visit from

the electrician
The cost of a job that takes the electrician 6
hours to complete

Practice

A rental cabin at a state park charges $130 to make

a reservation, and an additional charge of $80 per
day. Write a function to represent the total rent for
the cabin, and determine how much it costs to stay
for:

2 days
6 days
2 weeks

If it costs the state park $55/day to maintain the

cabin, write a function for the parks profit on cabin
rental.

Standard Form for a

Quadratic

f x ax bx c
2

In the standard form of a quadratic, the shape of the

parabola is controlled by the parameters a, b, and c.
The y-intercept of the parabola is (0, c).
If a is positive, the parabola opens upwards; if a is
negative, the parabola opens downwards.
The line of symmetry is x = -b/(2a).
A quadratic must be in standard form to use the
quadratic formula to find the x-intercepts.

Practice

Sketch the graph of the quadratic function

f(x)= -x2 + 2x + 5, and find its y-intercept, xintercepts, line of symmetry, and vertex.

Intercept Form for a

Quadratic

f x a x p x q

The parameter a in the intercept form does the same thing it

did in the standard form.
The x-intercepts of the parabola are (p, 0) and (q, 0) (watch
your signs!).
The y-intercept of the parabola is (0, apq).
The axis of symmetry is x = (p + q)/2.
We factor a quadratic to put it in intercept form but some
quadratics cannot be factored! A quadratic function with no xintercepts doesnt have an intercept form.

Practice
Sketch a graph of the quadratic function
f(x)= -(x 2)(x 4) and find its x-intercepts, yintercept, line of symmetry, and vertex.

Vertex Form for a Quadratic

f x a ( x h) k
2

Again, a serves the same purpose in the vertex form

as in the two previous forms.
The line of symmetry is x = h.
The vertex of the parabola is (h, k).
The y-intercept of the parabola is (0, ah + k).
We can find the vertex form from the standard form
by completing the square.

Practice

Find the vertex, line of

symmetry, x-intercepts,
and y-intercept of the
parabola shown, and
write its equation in
vertex form.

Hint: it passes through

the point (-3, -3)

Wrapping Up

What are the most important parts of a

parabola? Why are they important?

Write a short answer at the end of your notes.

Assignments

Read Chapter 9, Sections A-F in your

textbook.
Then complete Assignment 8.1 on Moodle.
Continue working on your IA! Dont sit and
wait while Im looking at the revised
introductions start doing your mathematical
analysis and working on your conclusions.