1.

Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

A. THE

EXTERNAL
R

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

EA

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

B. THE

MIDDLE

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

EAR

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

C.

THE INNER EAR

The cochlea

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

The vestibular
labirinth

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE EAR

External Ear
Great auricular (C2 and C3), Laser occipital (C2)
Auriculo temporal (Cranial nerve V)
Sensory branch of Facial (Cranial nerve VII)
Vagus (Cranial nerve X)

Middle Ear
Glossopharyngeal (Cranial Nerve IX)

Inner Ear
No somatic sensory innervation

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

2. History and Examination

3. Investigation of auditory,
vestibular, and facial nerve function
PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY

T Y M P A N O M E T RY
STAPEDIAL REFLEXES
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE
AUDIOMETRY
Electrocochleography
( ECohG )
Auditory Brainstem Responses
( ABR )
Auditory Cortical Response
( ACR )

OTOACOUSTIC EMISSION
CALORIC TESTING
ELECTRONISTAGMOGRAPHY
ELECTRONEURONOGRAPHY (ENoG)
RADIOLOGY
- Plain Films
- Computed Tomographic (CT) Scanning
- Magneting Resonance Imaging (MRI)

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

AURICULAR HAEMATOMA

CAULIFLOWER EAR
IMPACTED WAX

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

OTITIS EXTERNA
- Reactive

Symptoms

- Infective

Treatment

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

NECROTIZING (MALIGNANT)
OTITIS EXTERNA
nvestigations
Key Point
Treatment

Beware of
otitis externa
in diabetic petients

FURUNCLE OF THE EXTERNAL EAR

FOREIGN BODIES
EAR CANAL TRAUMA
TUMOURS

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

4. Common Problems of the External Ear

5. Common Conditions of the Middle Ear

MIDDLE EAR EFFUSION IN

ADULTS
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE
OTITIS MEDIA
- SAFE / BENIGN MUCOSAL
TYPE
- UNSAFE / MALIGNANT BONY
TYPE
5. Common Conditions of the Middle Ear

CSOM - UNSAFE TYPE

Cholesteatoma
Examination
Investigatisons
Treatment

CSOM - SAFE TYPE

Examination
Investigations
Treatment
5. Common Conditions of the Middle Ear

5. Common Conditions of the Middle Ear

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

ACOUSTIC NEUROMA

Investigation
Treatment

PRESBYACUSIS
Management

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

SUDDEN SENSORINEURAL
HEARING LOSS
Management :
- Early
- Late

Prognosis

MENIERES DISEASE
Pathology

Treatment:

Investigations

- Medical : acute phase

- Prophylaxis
- Surgery

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

ACUTE VESTIBULAR FAILURE

(VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS)
BENIGN POSITIONAL VERTIGO
(BPV)
BAROTRAUMA AND PERILYMPH
FISTULA (BPV)

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

NIHL

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

AIDS AND THE EAR

6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

OTOTOXICITY
GLOMUS TUMOURS
Symptoms
Examination
Treatment
HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS
(RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME)
TINNITUS
NON-ORGANIC HEARING LOSS
6. Disorders of the Inner Ear

7. The Facial Nerve

BELLS PALSY

8. Pediatric Otology
EXAMINATION OF THE EAR
AUDIOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT

Parental Suspicion
Health Visitor
Conditioning Audiometry
Electrical Response
Audiometry (ERA)

8. Pediatric Otology

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE
OTITIS MEDIA
Symptoms
Examination
Treatment

8. Pediatric Otology

RECURRENT OTITIS MEDIA

ACUTE MASTOIDISTIS
AND
MASKED MASTOIDITIS

8. Pediatric Otology

OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION

(OME)
( CHRONIC SEROUS OTITIS
MEDIA
/ C S O M = GLUE EAR )

Aetiology
Symptoms
Examination
Treatment
Ventilating tubes (grommets)

8. Pediatric Otology

8. Pediatric Otology

SENSORYNEURAL HEARING
LOSS

Genetic
Acquired
Management
Education
Sign Language

8. Pediatric
Otology
8. Pediatric
Otology

8. Pediatric Otology

CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES OF THE EAR

Microtia
Bat Ears
Pre-auricular sinuses

8. Pediatric Otology

9. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implats, and

HEARING AIDS

Tinnitus
Maskers
Component
Limitations
Hearing therapy

TYPES
Behind the ear (BE)
Body worn (BW)
In the ear and in the canal aids
Bone anchored aids
Implantable hearing aids

Fig. 119 - 124

9. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implats, and Tinnitus Maskers

9. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implats, and Tinnitus Maskers

COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

9. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implats, and Tinnitus Maskers

9. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implats, and Tinnitus Maskers

TINNITUS MASKERS